De 20 000 à 18 000 BP en Quercy : apports de la séquence du Cuzoul de Vers à la compréhension de l'évolution des comportements socio-économiques entre Solutréen récent et Badegoulien
Essai de synthèse des travaux menés autour du gisement du Cuzoul de Vers (Lot).
(pp. 459-471, 26/06/2026)
TRACES, EHESS, UT2J, Comue de Toulouse, MCC, Inrap, CNRS, BRGM, Inrap, PACEA, UB, CNRS, LDPL, MCC, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UL2, UCBL, CNRS, C2RMF, MCC, CNRS, ArScAn, UP1, UP8, UPN, MCC, CNRS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, GEOTRAC, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA
Effets du cadmium sur l’expression génétique de l’espèce Eolimna minima
Les systèmes aquatiques sont fortement impactés par les activités anthropiques et par les diverses pollutions qui en découlent. Parmi ces pollutions, les contaminations aux métaux lourds sont particulièrement préoccupantes du fait des effets toxiques avérés qu’elles entraînent. Le développement d’outils adaptés à l’évaluation de la qualité des eaux est dans ce contexte un enjeu fondamental. Les diatomées benthiques d’eau douce sont considérées comme un maillon bio-indicateur intéressant, qui les ont fait retenir comme élément biologique-clé par la DCE et ont conduit à leur utilisation dans divers indices de qualité des eaux comme l’Indice Biologique Diatomées (IBD) appliqué au niveau européen. Cependant, ces indices ont montré leurs limites dans l’évaluation de la qualité des eaux face à des pollutions de type métallique. C’est pourquoi de nouvelles approches sont amenées à voir le jour dans l’évaluation de la qualité des eaux. Dans notre étude, l’impact du Cd au niveau génétique est évalué par PCR-q sur 9 gènes d’intérêt suite à une exposition en conditions contrôlées de laboratoire de l’espèce eolimna minima, la cinétique de croissance de la population et la bio-accumulation sont suivies. La cinétique de population montre un fort impact du Cd à la concentration de 100µg Cd/L avec une inhibition totale de croissance pour ce niveau de contamination. Ces résultats sont à mettre en relation avec les facteurs élevés de bioaccumulation calculés, qui sont de 57 ±6,3 µg Cd/g ps et de 734 ±70 µg Cd/g ps au bout de 14 jours pour l’exposition respectivement à 10 et 100 µg Cd/L. Des réponses génétiques révèlent l’impact du Cd sur le métabolisme mitochondrial et sur le photosystème d’Eolimna minima exposée à 10 et 100 µg/L avec des surexpressions de cox, 12S, d1 et psaA au bout de 7 jours d’exposition pour la concentration à 100 µg/L et de nad5, d1 et psaA au bout de 14 jours pour les 2 conditions. Notre étude est une première approche dans l’utilisation de la PCR-q sur diatomées benthiques d’eau douce. Les résultats obtenus laissent envisager des perspectives extrêmement intéressantes dans le cadre de développement de nouveaux outils de diagnostic de la qualité des eaux.
(pp. 1, 26/06/2026)
UR REBX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Accumulation of Mn, Co, Zn, Rb, Cd, Sn, Ba, Sr, and Pb in the otoliths and tissues of eel (Anguilla anguilla) following long-term exposure in an estuarine environment
Aiming at increasing the resolution of otolith tracers, we investigated the possibility to use Mn, Co, Zn, Rb, Cd, Sn, Ba, Sr, and Pb otolith composition to retrieve the movements of eels (Anguilla anguilla) in the lower Gironde watershed. Caging experiments were designed to validate the site specific otolith signatures. Individually identified eels were reared in cages in three locations along the estuarine and river gradient. Three trials were set up for successive periods of 3 months and 6 months. Water Mn, Co, Zn, Rb, Cd, Sn, Ba, Sr, and Pb concentrations were monitored. The eel otolith composition corresponding to the experimental period was measured with an ICPMS coupled with a femtosecond laser. Liver Cd, Zn and Pb concentrations were measured. For each caging experiments, we tested the influence of individual weight gain, caging site and trial on elemental otolith concentrations. Mn, Co, Zn, Rb, Cd, Sn, Ba, Sr, and Pb were detected in eel otolith above the detection limits. Otolith Sr and Ba concentrations significantly discriminated the caging sites for one trial. Individual weight gain did not have a significant influence on otolith elemental concentrations. Co, Rb, Cd, Sn, Zn, Sr and Ba otolith concentrations were significantly influenced by the trials. Water elemental composition was only partly reflected by otolith elemental composition. The results showed that otolith composition had a more integrative value than water composition. Complex elemental seasonal variations and individual eel incorporation potential complicated the interpretation of otolith composition. Liver and otolith Cd and Zn concentrations did not show a statistically significant correlation.
(Science of the Total Environment. vol. 437, n° 0048-9697, pp. 323-330, 26/06/2026)
UR EPBX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IPREM, UPPA, INC-CNRS, CNRS
Field translocation of diatom biofilms impacted by Cd and Zn to assess decontamination and community restructuring capacities
Metal wastes have been repeatedly shown to significantly disturb periphytic communities. This study considers an industrial contamination site subjected to remediation processes since 2007. With the aim of finding relevant bioindicators of the restoration capacity of such impacted hydrosystems, this study focussed on biofilm and diatom recovery kinetics. Biofilms were colonised at a reference site and in parallel at a metal-contaminated site. After 24 days, contaminated biofilms were translocated to the reference site to study the biofilm recovery potential for 9 weeks under natural conditions. Analyses from the community level – measures of metal bioaccumulation, cell densities and taxonomic investigations – to the individual level – measures of teratological forms – were performed. The results showed that Zn and Cd contents were rapidly depurated, reaching reference levels 3 and 9 weeks after translocation, respectively. A Principal Response Curve (PRC) analysis enabled to see the fast evolution of diatom communities, with species specific to the reference site growing in decontaminated biofilms from the 3rd week. After 9 weeks, we estimated that diatom community restructuring was complete, based on measurements of biovolumes and teratological form rates which both decreased to reference levels in decontaminated biofilms throughout the experiment. The different teratological types appeared to be good bioindicators of biofilm contamination and shed light on the duration of contamination. According to these results, different criteria can provide information on the recovery potential of periphyton. Biofilms proved to be good bioindicators of metal recovery and diatoms proved to be good bioindicators of community recovery.
(Ecological Indicators. vol. 18, n° 1470-160X, pp. 520-531, 26/06/2026)
UR REBX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Indice Diatomique Réunion (IDR): a new river diatom index dedicated to a specific ultramarine and tropical biogeographical context
The Water Framework Directive (JOCE 2000) needs to be applied on the European continental area as for other ultramarine territories as French overseas departments (in our case, Reunion Island). For such specific territories with a strong biogeographical concern, biological indexes set-up and validated in continental Europe cannot work properly. The main problems encountered result from strong specificities in the field of geochemical and climatic conditions, of taxa list and of their local ecology. Under the joint demand of the Reunion Water Office, local services of Environment Ministry (DEAL Reunion) and ONEMA, a scientific consortium grouping ASCONIT Consultancy and IRSTEA drove a 3 year-study based on network sites and other particular sites, aiming to: 1) describe in situ abiotic environmental condition of rivers (physico-chemistry, chemistry, descriptors of general ambiance like shading, flow velocity, depth...); 2) identify and count relative abundances of taxa; and 3) set-up a new Diatom Index dedicated to Reunion, based on relationships between abiotic descriptors and taxa ecology. The study was based on 256 samples and records obtained during 3 years at 55 different sites along five field campaigns covering 2 different seasons. A huge work was to identify and count the species in this new context. 343 different species have been observed, of which 162 determined at the species level. 28 other species were close to a known species (cf or aff.), 153 identified at the genus level were given a number code at the species level. 175 enough occurring species were used to build the index and were given an ecological profile. Because of a very dilutive context, we chose to principally base the index calculation on a list of alarm taxa named "Taxa –", which presence is synonym of strong anthropogenic alteration. This new index provides satisfying assessment results which will be presented.
(pp. 1, 26/06/2026)
UR REBX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Use of Mixed-Mode Ion Exchange Sorbent for the Passive Sampling of Organic Acids by Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS)
Acidic herbicides are increasingly monitored in freshwater, since their high solubility favors their rapid transfer to the water phase. Therefore, contaminant levels in the water can vary rapidly and passive sampling would be preferred over spot sampling to integrate all pollution events over a given exposure time. In this work, we propose to compare the conventional pharmaceutical polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) with modified POCISs containing two different receiving phases: a standard polystyrene divinylbenzene polymer with a higher specific surface area (Chromabond HR-X) and a mixed-mode anion exchange sorbent providing additional strong anion exchange interaction sites (Oasis MAX). Due to its hydrophobic character, Chromabond HR-X had little interaction with water (no sampling of acidic herbicides); whereas Oasis MAX provided acceptable sampling parameters (longer kinetic regime together with higher sampling rates). Additional experiments with POCIS-MAX showed no influence of nitrates on analyte uptakes, and linear isotherms reaching 10 μg L−1, supporting the applicability of this device for the sampling of organic acids in continental water. The performance and reference compound (PRC) approach would be then applicable for POCIS-MAX if no competition is observed with other anions, especially organic acids (e.g., humic acids).
(Environmental Science and Technology. vol. 46, n° 0013-936X, pp. 13344-13353, 26/06/2026)
UR REBX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Adaptation aux variations des régimes hydrologiques (crues étiages) dans l’environnement fluvio estuarien de la Garonne Gironde : potentialités, mise à l’épreuve et gouvernance d’options d’adaptation
Caractérisation des impacts et vulnérabilités Garonne-Gironde face au changement climatique. Expérimentation d'options d'adaptation. Consilience, scénarios et conditions de diffusion d'options d'adaptation.
(pp. 10, 26/06/2026)
UR ADBX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CNRS, GREThA, UB, CNRS, GEODE, UT2J, Comue de Toulouse, CNRS
Cartographie des habitats intertidaux du bassin d’Arcachon par imagerie optique et radar
Objectifs : - Exploitation en synergie de données radar et optiques ; - Discrimination, identification et cartographie exhaustive des substrats durs et meubles ainsi que des principales espèces végétales micro à macroscopiques ; - Quantification optique/radar de paramètres biologiques (composition, abondance spécifique, répartition surfacique) et sédimentaires (minéralogie, teneur en eau) ; - Validation d’une ou plusieurs stratégies de cartographie valorisables par des services GMES (Programme INFOLITTORAL-1, programme Territoire de Démonstration), implicitement adaptées aux exigences des missions de gestion des domaines naturels et exploités.
(pp. 16 p., 26/06/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UMR TETIS, Cirad, IRSTEA
Removal of micropollutants by various aerobic energy-free treatment processes
The present work details the results of a comprehensive study dealing with 127 priority and emerging micropollutants. It focused on energy-free processes that are suitable for rural areas, as they involve passive aeration supply: stabilization pond, vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetlands, trickling filter, rotating biodiscs associated or not with reed-bed filters. The research work involved powerful and sensitive analytical techniques to measure micropollutants concentrations in wastewaters in order to calculate robust removals by the 6 types of treatment and evaluate released fluxes. This work also allowed to point out the micropollutants that would require further treatment.
(pp. 4, 26/06/2026)
UR MALY, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
The earthquake sedimentary record in the western part of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey
Abstract. The submarine part of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is a very significant hazard for the 12 million people living in Istanbul (Turkey). An accurate seismic risk assessment necessitates paleoseismological data, which can be retrieved in the Marmara Sea by using sedimentary cores. Here, a record of turbidites was obtained in five cores, spanning the Tekirdağ Basin, the Western High and the Central Basin linked by the Tekirdağ fault segment. The turbidites are synchronous at different sites across the two basins and through the structural high pointing to shaking by earthquakes as a triggering mechanism. In particular, the M = 7.4 1912 Mürefte earthquake left a distinctive sedimentary imprint in all the studied cores. Radiocarbon dating implies a turbidite recurrence interval of about 300 yr. The low number of seismo-turbidites documented in the Central Basin compared to the Tekirdağ Basin suggests quasi-synchronous ruptures of the Tekirdağ Segment and the adjacent Central Segment of the NAF or a partial seismic slip on the Central Segment. Both scenarios have implications regarding seismic hazard. Finally, though we obtained a paleoseismological record of the ruptures along the Tekirdağ Segment, further chronological constraints are needed to better date the events and to confirm the completeness of the obtained record.
(Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. vol. 12, n° 1561-8633, pp. 1235-1254, 26/06/2026)
LGENS, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ENS-PSL, PSL, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS