Recovering water wave elevation from pressure measurements
The reconstruction of water wave elevation from bottom pressure measurements is an important issue for coastal applications, but corresponds to a difficult mathematical problem. In this paper we present the derivation of a method which allows the elevation reconstruction of water waves in intermediate and shallow waters. From comparisons with numerical Euler solutions and wave-tank experiments we show that our nonlinear method provides much better results of the surface elevation reconstruction compared to the linear transfer function approach commonly used in coastal applications. More specifically, our method accurately reproduces the peaked and skewed shape of nonlinear wave fields. Therefore, it is particularly relevant for applications on extreme waves and wave-induced sediment transport.
(Journal of Fluid Mechanics. vol. 833, n° 0022-1120, pp. 399-429, 01/09/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IMB, UB, Bordeaux INP, CNRS
Organic carbon accumulation in modern sediments of the Angola basin influenced by the Congo deep sea fan
Geochemical data (total organic carbon-TOC content, δ13Corg, C:N, Rock-Eval analyses) were obtained on 150 core tops from the Angola basin, with a special focus on the Congo deep sea fan. Combined with the previously published data, the resulting dataset (322 stations) shows a good spatial and bathymetric representativeness. TOC content and δ13Corg maps of the Angola basin were generated using this enhanced dataset. The main difference in our map with previously published ones is the high terrestrial organic matter content observed downslope along the active turbidite channel of the Congo deep sea fan till the distal lobe complex near 5000 m of water-depth. Interpretation of downslope trends in TOC content and organic matter composition indicates that lateral particle transport by turbidity currents is the primary mechanism controlling supply and burial of organic matter in the bathypelagic depths.
(Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. vol. 142, n° 0967-0645, pp. 64-74, 01/09/2026)
EMBS, iSTeP, UPMC, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, GM, IFREMER, LDO, INSU - CNRS, UBO EPE, CNRS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, OCEANIS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA
Calibration of benthic foraminifera elemental ratios from the Northeastern Atlantic
(01/09/2026)
GEOPS, UP11, CNRS, LPG-ANGERS, LPG, UA, UN UFR ST, UN, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Role of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability in modulating the climate response to a Pinatubo-like volcanic eruption
The modulation by the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) of the dynamical climate response to a Pinatubo-like eruption is investigated for the boreal winter season based on a suite of large ensemble experiments using the CNRM-CM5 Coupled Global Circulation Model. The volcanic eruption induces a strong reduction and retraction of the Hadley cell during 2 years following the eruption and independently of the phase of the AMV. The mean extratropical westerly circulation simultaneously weakens throughout the entire atmospheric column, except at polar Northern latitudes where the zonal circulation is slightly strengthened. Yet, there are no significant changes in the modes of variability of the surface atmospheric circulation, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), in the first and the second winters after the eruption. Significant modifications over the North Atlantic sector are only found during the third winter. Using clustering techniques, we decompose the atmospheric circulation into weather regimes and provide evidence for inhibition of the occurrence of negative NAO-type circulation in response to volcanic forcing. This forced signal is amplified in cold AMV conditions and is related to sea ice/atmosphere feedbacks in the Arctic and to tropical-extratropical teleconnections. Finally, we demonstrate that large ensembles of simulations are required to make volcanic fingerprints emerge from climate noise at mid-latitudes. Using small size ensemble could easily lead to misleading conclusions especially those related to the extratropical dynamics, and specifically the NAO.
(Climate Dynamics. vol. 51, n° 0930-7575, pp. 1863-1883, 01/09/2026)
BSC-CNS, CECI, CERFACS, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ICREA
Étude de la contamination atmosphérique par les pesticides à l'aide d'échantillonneurs passifs de type PUF (Polyurethane Foam) : application à l'étude de vergers de pommiers
La France, dont plus de la moitié du territoire est dédiée à l'agriculture, se situe au premier rang européen et au cinquième rang mondial des utilisateurs de pesticides agricoles. L'importance de ce secteur et de l'usage de substances chimiques pour accroître la productivité au cours des dernières décennies suscitent des interrogations tant du point de vue environnemental que de celui de la santé publique. Un rapport récent de l'ANSES montre la nécessité de mettre en oeuvre de nouveaux outils et une surveillance nationale des pesticides dans l'air ambiant. En effet, la connaissance des niveaux de contamination en pesticides dans l'atmosphère demeure toujours partielle et hétérogène. De plus, une stratégie spatio-temporelle d'échantillonnage est nécessaire pour l'étude des impacts des pesticides sur l'Environnement et sur la Santé Humaine. Le projet CANEPA (Cancers et Expositions aux pesticides Agricoles ; IdEx U Bordeaux) vise à caractériser la contamination externe des agriculteurs et la contamination environnementale par les pesticides en arboriculture. La technique de l'échantillonnage passif s'est largement développée ces 20 dernières années. Elle permet le suivi de polluants dans l'environnement et peut-être appliquée à l'eau, l'air ou encore le sol. Les échantillonneurs passifs présentent l'avantage d'intégrer la contamination du milieu pendant une période d'exposition donnée et d'abaisser les limites de détection grâce à l'accumulation des substances. Ces outils de surveillance ne nécessitent pas d'énergie et permettent un déploiement spatio-temporel plus pertinent. Au cours de ce projet, un suivi annuel par échantillonnage passif à l'aide de mousses en polyuréthane (PUF) a été mis en place début 2017 au sein d'une exploitation de pommiers pour un suivi des concentrations en pesticides dans l'air intérieur et extérieur afin de mieux comprendre l'exposition des travailleurs agricoles. L'analyse des différents échantillons du projet permettra de déterminer les débits de prélèvements des pesticides détectés dans l'air ambiant. De plus, les basses limites de quantification obtenues au cours des développements analytiques permettent un suivi très large de ces composés.
(pp. 2, 01/09/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INSERM U1219 - UB - ISPED, BPH, UB, INSERM, UR ETBX, IRSTEA
High Value-Added Biomolecules from Beach Waste of Marine Origin-Screening for Potential Candidates among Seagrass of the Cymodoceaceae Family
Background: Detrital leaves from seagrass of the Cymodoceaceae family were assayed for biologically active molecules that have commercial as well as societal benefits. Objective: We focused on L-chiro-inositol, a very rare natural occurring cyclitol, and chicoric acid, a polyphenolic compound, in which both applications were found in the nutraceutical segment. Method: Six species of seagrass belonging to the genera Syringodium, Cymodocea and Halodule were collected from their native habitat. The L-chiro-inositol content of the crude aqueous extracts prepared from different batches of Cymodocea nodosa flotsam was measured by quantitative 1H-NMR spectroscopy. High concentrations were found with values ranging from 22.2 to 35.0 mg.g-1 plant dw. The presence of L-chiro-inositol in the tropical species C. rotundata, C. serrulata, Syringodium isoetifolium, and Halodule pinifolia was also characterized by qualitative NMR. The chicoric acid content of crude aqueous methanolic extracts prepared from C. rotundata, C. serrulata, S. isoetifolium, and Halodule pinifolia was determined by quantitative HPLC-DAD. The values found ranged from 0.39 to 6.15 mg.g-1 dry weight. Chicoric acid was unambiguously identified as the major phenolic in S. isoetifolium, and Halodule pinifolia, while it was found in mixture with flavonol derivatives in C. rotundata and C. serrulata. Flavonol derivatives are also of interest for their bioactivity. Result: Considering the demonstrated therapeutic applications of L-chiro-inositol and chicoric acid, their high value on the nutraceutical market, and their rare occurrence in the plant kingdom, their presence in Syringodium, Cymodocea and Halodule detrital leaves makes this abundant biomass of interest for dietary and pharmaceutical applications. Conclusion: These results show that there is a real potential for harvesting beachcast Cymodoceacea.
(The Open Bioactive Compounds. vol. 5, n° 1874-8473, pp. 83-94, 01/09/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Quality survey of natural mineral water and spring water sold in France: Monitoring of hormones, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances, phthalates, and alkylphenols at the ultra-trace level
(Science of the Total Environment. vol. 603-604, n° 0048-9697, pp. 651--662, 01/09/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LPTC, UB, CNRS, ISM, UB, INC-CNRS, CNRS
Synchronous precipitation reduction in the American Tropics associated with Heinrich 2
During the last ice age temperature in the North Atlantic oscillated in cycles known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events. The magnitude of Caribbean hydroclimate change associated with D-O variability and particularly with stadial intervals, remains poorly constrained by paleoclimate records. We present a 3.3 thousand-year long stalagmite δ18O record from the Yucatan Peninsula (YP) that spans the interval between 26.5 and 23.2 thousand years before present. We estimate quantitative precipitation variability and the high resolution and dating accuracy of this record allow us to investigate how rainfall in the region responds to D-O events. Quantitative precipitation estimates are based on observed regional amount effect variability, last glacial paleotemperature records, and estimates of the last glacial oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation based on global circulation models (GCMs). The new precipitation record suggests significant low latitude hydrological responses to internal modes of climate variability and supports a role of Caribbean hydroclimate in helping Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation recovery during D-O events. Significant in-phase precipitation reduction across the equator in the tropical Americas associated with Heinrich event 2 is suggested by available speleothem oxygen isotope records.
(Scientific Reports. vol. 7, n° 2045-2322, 01/09/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPHE, PSL
Repeated fluid expulsions during events of rapid sea-level rise in the Gulf of Lion, western Mediterranean Sea
Based on a High-Resolution 3D seismic block acquired in the Gulf of Lion in 2004-2005 we investigated fluid pipes and pockmarks on the top of the interfluve between the Hérault canyon and the Bourcart canyon both created by turbidity currents and gravity flows from the shelf to the deep basin in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Combining the geometry of the potential fluid pipes with the induced deformation of surrounding sediments leads then to the ability to differentiate between potential fluid sources (root vs source) and to better estimate the triggering mechanisms (allochtonous vs. autochtonous cause). We linked together a set of derived attributes, such as Chaos and RMS amplitude, to a 3D description of pipes along which fluids may migrate. As previously shown in other basins, the induced deformation, creating cone in cone or V-shaped structures, may develop in response to the fluid pipe propagation in unconsolidated sediments in the near surface. The level at the top of a cone structure is diachronous. It means that stratigraphic levels over this surface are deformed at the end of the migration. They collapse forming a depression called a pockmark. These pipes are the result of repeated cycles of fluid expulsion that might be correlated with rapid sea-level rise instead of sediment loading. The most recent event (MIS 2.2 stage) has led to the formation of a pockmark on the modern seafloor. It has been used as a reference for calculating the effect of a rapid sea-level rise on fluid expulsion. As all physical and geometrical parameters are constrained, we were able to define that a þ 34 m of sea level rise may account for triggering fluid expulsion from a very shallow silty-sandy layer at 9 m below seafloor since the last glacial stage. This value is consistent with a sea level rise of about 102 m during this period. This study shows that the episodic nature of fluid release resulted from hydromechanical processes during sea-level rise due to the interactivity between high pressure regimes and principal in situ stresses.
(Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. vol. 188, n° 0037-9409, pp. 24, 01/09/2026)
INSU - CNRS, UM, CNRS, UA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IFREMER
From Antarctica to the subtropics: contrasted geographical concentrations of selenium, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants in skua chicks (Catharacta spp.)
Seabirds integrate bioaccumulative contaminants via food intake and have revealed geographical trends of contamination in a variety of ecosystems. Pre-fledging seabird chicks are particularly interesting as bioindicators of chemical contamination, because concentrations in their tissues reflect primarily dietary sources from the local environment. Here we measured 14 trace elements and 18 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blood of chicks of skuas that breed in four sites encompassing a large latitudinal range within the southern Indian Ocean, from Antarctica (Adélie Land, south polar skua Catharacta maccormicki), through subantarctic areas (Crozet and Kerguelen Islands, brown skua C. lonnbergi), to the subtropics (Amsterdam Island, C. lonnbergi). Stables isotopes of carbon (δ13C, feeding habitat) and nitrogen (δ15N, trophic position) were also measured to control for the influence of feeding habits on contaminant burdens. Concentrations of mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) were very high at all the four sites, with Amsterdam birds having the highest concentrations ever reported in chicks worldwide (4.0 ± 0.8 and 646 ± 123 µg g-1 dry weight, respectively). Blood Hg concentrations showed a clear latitudinal pattern, increasing from chicks in Antarctica to chicks in the subantarctic and subtropical islands. Interestingly, blood Se concentrations showed similar between-population differences to Hg, suggesting its involvement in protective mechanisms against Hg toxicity. Chicks’ POPs pattern was largely dominated by organochlorine pesticides, in particular DDT metabolites and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). Skua chicks from subantarctic islands presented high concentrations and diversity of POPs. By contrast, chicks from the Antarctic site overall had the lowest concentrations and diversity of both metallic and organic contaminants, with the exception of HCB and arsenic. Skua populations from these sites, being naturally exposed to different quantities of contaminants, are potentially good models for testing toxic effects in developing chicks in the wild.
(Environmental Pollution. vol. 228, n° 0269-7491, pp. 464-473, 01/09/2026)
CEBC, INRA, ULR, CNRS, LIENSs, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS