Effet de pesticides sur les micro-algues du continuum eau douce-eau marine : Influence de la matière organique dissoute naturelle ?
Le poster résume les principaux objectifs des projets AAP COTE IMPACT et EC2CO COMPACT. Les projets IMPACT et COMPACT constituent une approche originale combinant : du réalisme écologique, par la prise en compte des réponses au niveau spécifique mais également au niveau des communautés naturelles ; du réalisme environnemental, en considérant l'effet d'herbicides seuls et en mélange, en interaction avec la matière organique dissoute naturelle. Ces projets permettront d'améliorer les connaissances sur les effets du S-métolachlore, un herbicide aux effets peu documentés mais pourtant très utilisé et retrouvé fréquemment en eaux côtières (Bassin d'Arcachon, estuaire de la Charente).
(pp. 1, 21/05/2014)
IFREMER, UR EABX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
New records of Spio symphyta and Spio martinensis (‘Polychaeta’: Canalipalpata: Spionidae) from Arcachon Bay (France), NE Atlantic
This paper presents new records of Spio symphyta Meißner et al., 2011 and Spio martinensis Mesnil, 1896 (‘Polychaeta’: Canalipalpata: Spionidae) from Arcachon Bay (southern Bay of Biscay). For both species the new records represent an extension of their known distributional range. The two species have probably been present in Arcachon Bay for several years but were confused with other species of the genus Spio. Spio symphyta was identified at five locations in Arcachon Bay in 2009 and 2013 and S. martinensis at three stations in 2012 and 2013. A detailed and illustrated description of specimens from Arcachon Bay is provided. Important characters of Spio spp. occurring in the area are compared.
(Marine Biodiversity. vol. 45, n° 1867-1616, pp. 77-86, 17/05/2014)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LMU
Upwind Stabilized Finite Element Modelling of Non-hydrostatic Wave Breaking and Run-up
In the following report a new methodology is presented to model the propagation, wave breaking and run-up of waves in coastal zones. We represent the different coastal phenomena through the coupling of non-linear shallow water equations with the extended Boussinesq equations of Madsen and Sørensen. Each of the involved equations has a major role in describing a particular physical behaviour of the wave: the latter equations permit to model the propagation, while the non-linear shallow water ones lead waves to locally converge into discontinuities. We start from the third-order stabilized finite element scheme for the Boussinesq equations, developed in a previous scientific work (Ricchiuto and Filippini, J.Comput.Phys. 2014) and develop a non-linear variant, and detach the dispersive from the shallow water terms. A shock-capturing technique based on local non-linear mass lumping that permits in the shallow water regions to degrade locally the scheme to a first-order one across bores (shocks) and dry fronts is proposed. As for the detection of the breaking fronts, the shallow water areas, this involves physics based breaking criteria. We present different definitions of the breaking criterion, including a local implementation of the convective criterion of (Bjørkavåg and H. Kalisch, Phys.Letters A 2011), and the hybrid models of (Kazolea et. al, J.Comput.Phys. 2014), and (Tonelli and Petti, J.Hydr.Res. 2011). The behavior of different breaking criteria is investigated on several cases for which experimental data are available.
(12/05/2014)
BACCHUS, Inria, UB, CNRS, IMB, UB, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
First record of Naineris setosa (Verrill, 1900) (Annelida: Polychaeta: Orbiniidae) in the Western Mediterranean Sea
The Polychaeta Naineris setosa (Verrill, 1900) is reported for the first time in the Western Mediterranen Sea. Several specimens were collected in 2012 and 2013 in Boughrara Lagoon (Tunisia). The vector of introduction of N. setosa likely commercial shipping because Gabes is an international harbour with dense shipping traffic. A detailed description of specimens from Boughrara Lagoon is provided in this paper.
(BioInvasions Records. vol. 3, n° 2242-1300, pp. 83-88, 12/05/2014)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Use of passive samplers (POCIS and SPMD) for the evaluation of the efficiency of wastewater tertiary treatments
Our objective is to study some advanced processes, such as ozonation (O3) or Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) as example, used in tertiary stage of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The challenges when studying such processes is to be able to measure organic micropollutants at very low concentrations (ng/L). To achieve this goal, passive samplers (PS) like POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) and SPMD (Semi-Permeable Membrane Device) were used. The results of chemical analyses on PS were compared with those on grab water samples. Four one-month-long sampling campaigns were carried out in 3 different WWTP: 1) O3 (full-scale) followed by GAC (pilot) in WWTP A, 2) O3 only (full-scale) in the same WWTP A, 3) GAC (pilot) in WWTP B, 4) polishing pond (full-scale) in WWTP C. In all campaigns, POCIS were exposed in water during 14 days and SPMD during 28 days. To be able to compare these 4 campaigns and the molecule concentrations upstream and downstream the tertiary treatment, POCIS and SPMD were always immersed in an aquarium in the same controlled experimental conditions of flow (280 mL/min), temperature (20° C) and light. To insure quality of data, POCIS and SPMD were exposed in triplicate and field blanks were realized (i.e. PS exposed to the ambient air). In parallel, 2h composite water samples were collected at D0, D14 and D28. Targeted chemical analyses were performed on POCIS extracts for 117 hydrophilic compounds belonging to pharmaceutical, hormone, pesticide and alkylphenol classes and on SPMD extracts for 46 lipophilic compounds belonging to chlorine pesticides, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, PolyChloroBiphenyl, PolyBrominated DiphenylEthers classes. Hydrophilic compounds and PAH were also analysed in water samples. We will present results obtained for SPMD and POCIS. As an example, compared to grab sampling, POCIS allowed detecting 7 more pharmaceuticals in influent of tertiary treatments and 4 more in effluents in the 2 first sampling campaigns. Nevertheless, information on process efficiency is the same since the decrease of pharmaceutical concentrations after advanced water treatment is in the same order of magnitude with grab and passive sampling in the 2 first sampling campaigns. Hence, POCIS appears as an interesting tool to characterize tertiary stages of WWTPs with analysis of organic micropollutants at very low concentrations.
(pp. 1, 11/05/2014)
UR MALY, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Effects of hypoxia on the fish and crustacean fauna in the Gironde Estuary (France)
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires the improvement of water quality in the EU and the assessment of the transitional waters ecological status considering the fish component of the ecosystem. In the WFD, the dissolved oxygen (DO) is considered as one of the physico-chemical quality elements that support the biology and have to be monitored. Estuaries are particularly essential to fish as refuge area, habitats for reproduction, nursery grounds and migration routes but they are impacted by multiple anthropogenic disturbances. Hypoxic threshold is largely characterized by a DO content of 2 mg L-1 whereas the median lethal concentration is about 2.45 mg L-1 for aquatic organisms. Since 2005, this parameter is monitored in the Gironde Estuary thanks to the continuous monitoring MAGEST network that has recorded several summer borderline hypoxic situations (DO close to 2 mg L-1) and a 7 days-long hypoxic event (DO < 2.45 mg L-1) in July 2006 with a minimum measured value of 1.22 mg L-1. Biological responses to hypoxia depend on the period, intensity and extent of these events. Shads, Alosa fallax and Alosa alosa, and some shrimp developmental stages, are among the most sensitive species to hypoxia in the Gironde Estuary. A behavioral study was performed on shad juvenile and allowed to establish the DO threshold that could impact their downstream migration occurring from July to early October. Water temperatures in summer 2006 are the highest recorded in the period 2005-2012 with values higher than 28°C. Almost 43% of conditions (DO thresholds at 20°C and 25°C) are critical to shad juveniles during their migration period in 2006. More than 940 hours reached critical values including 460 hours that would result in the death of individuals. Although the fish taxa appear to be more sensitive towards hypoxia, the crustacean taxa show also a strong sensitivity in the early ontogenic stage and on eggs-bearing females. Because shrimp is a major component of the estuarine food web, this taxon appears as a promising indicator of ecosystem dysfunction.
(pp. 1, 05/05/2014)
UR EABX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
A hidden renewal model for monitoring aquatic systems biosensors
This article proposes a method to model signals of oysters' openings over time using a four-state renewal process. Two of them are of particular interest and correspond to instants when the animals are open or closed. An estimator of the cumulative jump rate of the renewal process is provided. It relies on observations of the jumps between the four states. Here these measures are not available but the observed signal is assumed to take ranges of real values according to this underlying process. A procedure to estimate a probability density function that summarizes the information of the signal is explained. This leads to estimation of the hidden renewal process and of its cumulative jump rate for each oyster. We propose to classify these estimated functions for a group of oysters in order to discriminate these animals according to their health status. Such a diagnosis is essential when using these animals as biosensors for water quality assessment.
(Environmetrics. vol. 25, n° 1180-4009, pp. 189-199, 01/05/2014)
IMB, UB, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, CQFD, IMB, UB, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, Inria, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LMBA, UBS, UBO EPE, CNRS
First Discovery of Channel-Levee Complexes In A Modern Deep-Water Carbonate Slope Environment
New high-quality high-resolution seismic data along the western slope of the Great Bahama Bank reveals a present-day channel-levee complex developed in a pure carbonate setting. This complex grew over two buried complexes separated by erosion surfaces, suggesting both the continuity of downslope gravity-driven processes along this carbonate slope, and channel migration through avulsion, processes similar to what happens along siliciclastic slopes. Complex morphology and geometry are similar to analogs described in siliciclastic systems, but the size of the presented carbonate complex is smaller by a factor of ten. Integrating high-resolution seismic and core studies shows that this complex was built by the stacking of gravityflow deposits, including turbidites. It presently is inactive and buried by deposits from hemipelagic fallout or low-energy density processes channeled by the gully network; Recent sediments are reworked by along-slope bottom currents dominated by internal tides. The discovery of these channel-levee complexes has implications both on the conceptual models describing the behavior of carbonate slope systems and on hydrocarbon exploration by enhancing the reservoir-bearing potential of carbonate slopes.
(Journal of Sedimentary Research. vol. 84, n° 1527-1404, pp. 1139-1146, 01/05/2014)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Sources and historical record of tin and butyl-tin species in a Mediterranean bay (Toulon Bay, France)
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 21, n° 0944-1344, pp. 6640-6651, 01/05/2014)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ISA, UCBL, INC-CNRS, CNRS, PROTEE, UTLN, LASEM, CERCRID, UL2, UJM, UJM EPE, CNRS
New Wideband Miniature Branchline Coupler on IPD Technology for Beamforming Applications
In this paper, we present a new wideband miniature branchline coupler as a key circuit to be integrated in 60-GHz packaged beamforming networks for phased-array antennas. First, the integrated passive device (IPD) technology from STMicroelectronics is investigated in the mm-wave range through the simulation, fabrication, and measurements of a microstrip line and a simple hybrid coupler. Then, a novel coupler topology with emphasis on miniaturization and broadband operation is theorized. Analytical equations are derived and a 60-GHz coupler is optimized on IPD technology. Measurement results are discussed and compared with state-of-the art publications. The whole 57-66-GHz bandwidth is efficiently covered with the three following performance: -10-dB impedance matching, ±1-dB amplitude imbalance, and ±5° phase imbalance. As an application example, the novel coupler is integrated into a 4 × 4 Butler matrix suitable for an array-antenna demonstrating stateof-the art performance in terms of insertion loss and phase error. The measurement of different samples shows low variation of the IPD process because of very good reproducibility making it a suitable candidate for circuits operating in the 60-GHz band.
(IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology. vol. 4, n° 2156-3950, pp. 911-921, 01/05/2014)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LEAT, UNS, CNRS, UniCA, ST-TOURS