Etude intégrée de l’effet des apports amont et locaux sur le fonctionnement de la Garonne estuarienne (ETIAGE) : Addendum année 4 Avril 2013 - Mars 2014
Le programme ETIAGE a été mis en place avec pour objectif de répondre aux questions suivantes : que représentent les apports des effluents de la Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux (CUB) par rapport à ceux venant de l’amont en termes de charge organique et de micro-polluants ? Quels rôles sur le devenir des effluents jouent la présence du bouchon vaseux et la stagnation résiduelle des eaux (déplacement net entre mouvement de flot et de jusant) au niveau de l’estuaire fluvial amont en période d’étiage estival ? Réciproquement, à quels moments et jusqu’où s’étend l’impact de ces effluents sur la qualité des eaux de la Garonne estuarienne ? Quelles incidences des effluents sur le comportement des populations biologiques en place ou migratoires dans la Garonne estuarienne ? Quelle tendance évolutive va connaître l’oxygénation des eaux ? Quel sera l’impact sur le comportement des micro-polluants et des populations biologiques ? Quelles recommandations de gestion pourraient être préconisées à partir de la synthèse des pressions exercées sur les eaux de la Garonne estuarienne ? Le programme est divisé en 5 axes, dont les bilans de travail sont présentés axe par axe.
(pp. 152, 22/04/2026)
UR EABX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Identification of Hg-bearing phases and fluxes in the sedimentary record of laguna del Plata, central Argentina
(Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas. vol. 31, n° 1026-8774, pp. 104-115, 22/04/2026)
UB, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, SPE, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UBM
Dynamics of coarse particulate matter in the turbidity maximum zone of the Gironde Estuary
There is a lack of studies devoted to coarse particulate matter (CPM) in estuaries, although this fraction can disturb activities that filter large volumes of water, such as industrial or fishery activities. In the macrotidal and highly-turbid Gironde Estuary, a monthly sampling of CPM was performed in 2011 and 2013 at two stations in the Turbidity Maximum Zone (TMZ) to understand its seasonal, tidal and hydrological dynamics. Regardless of the season and station, low quantities of CPM (few g m3) were observed in comparison with suspended particulate matter (several 103 g m3). The highest concentrations were consistently recorded in bottom waters and at the upstream station. Whereas there is no clear link between the CPM present in the column water and spring or neap tides, an increase in the CPM size has been identified at the two stations after a flood event, fact potentially critical regarding filtering functioning of estuarine activities.
(Comptes Rendus. Géoscience. vol. 346, n° 1631-0713, pp. 28-36, 22/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EDF [E.D.F.], UR EABX, IRSTEA
Comparison of sliced inverse regression approaches for underdetermined cases
Among methods to analyze high-dimensional data, the sliced inverse regression (SIR) is of particular interest for non-linear relations between the dependent variable and some indices of the covariate. When the dimension of the covariate is greater than the number of observations, classical versions of SIR cannot be applied. Various upgrades were then proposed to tackle this issue such as RSIR and SR-SIR, to estimate the parameters of the underlying model and to select variables of interest. In this paper, we introduce two new estimation methods respectively based on the QZ algorithm and on the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse. We also describe a new selection procedure of the most relevant components of the covariate that relies on a proximity criterion between submodels and the initial one. These approaches are compared with RSIR and SR-SIR in a simulation study. Finally we applied SIR-QZ and the associated selection procedure to a genetic dataset in order to find eQTL.
(Journal de la Société Française de Statistique. vol. 155, n° 1962-5197, 22/04/2026)
IMB, UB, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, CQFD, IMB, UB, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, Inria, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INSERM, ENSC
Development of a reference artificial sediment for chemical testing adapted to the MELA sediment contact assay
Most persistent organic pollutants, due to their hydrophobic properties, accumulate in aquatic sediments and represent a high risk for sediment quality. To assess the toxicity of hydrophobic pollutants, a novel approach was recently proposed as an alternative to replace, refine and reduce animal experimentation: the medaka embryo-larval sediment contact assay (MELAc). This assay is performed with Japanese medaka embryos incubated on a natural sediment spiked with the compound being tested. With the aim of improving this assay, our study developed a reference exposure protocol with an artificial sediment specifically designed to limit natural sediment composition uncertainties and preparation variability. The optimum composition of the new artificial sediment was tested using a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), fluoranthene. The sediment was then validated with two other model PAHs, benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene. Various developmental end points were recorded, including survival, embryonic heartbeat, hatching delay, hatching success, larval biometry and abnormalities. The final artificial sediment composition was set at 2.5 % dry weight (dw) Sphagnum peat, 5 % dw kaolin clay and 92.5 % dw silica of 0.2- to 0.5-mm grain size. In contrast with natural sediments, the chemical components of this artificial matrix are fully defined and readily identifiable. It is totally safe for fish embryos and presents relatively high sorption capacities for hydrophobic compounds. Studies with other hydrophobic and metallic contaminants and mixtures should be performed to further validate this artificial sediment.
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 21, n° 0944-1344, pp. 13689-13702, 22/04/2026)
UB, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, BE, IFREMER, LPGP, INRA, Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique
Implication of methodological uncertainties for mid-Holocene sea surface temperature reconstructions
We present and examine a multi-sensor global compilation of mid-Holocene (MH) sea surface temperatures (SST), based on Mg / Ca and alkenone palaeothermometry and reconstructions obtained using planktonic foraminifera and organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst census counts. We assess the uncertainties originating from using different methodologies and evaluate the potential of MH SST reconstructions as a benchmark for climate-model simulations. The comparison between different analytical approaches (time frame, baseline climate) shows the choice of time window for the MH has a negligible effect on the reconstructed SST pattern, but the choice of baseline climate affects both the magnitude and spatial pattern of the reconstructed SSTs. Comparison of the SST reconstructions made using different sensors shows significant discrepancies at a regional scale, with uncertainties often exceeding the reconstructed SST anomaly. Apparent patterns in SST may largely be a reflection of the use of different sensors in different regions. Overall , the uncertainties associated with the SST reconstructions are generally larger than the MH anomalies. Thus, the SST data currently available cannot serve as a target for bench-marking model simulations. Further evaluations of potential subsurface and/or seasonal artifacts that may contribute to obscure the MH SST reconstructions are urgently needed to provide reliable benchmarks for model evaluations.
(Climate of the Past. vol. 10, n° 1814-9324, pp. 2237 - 2252, 22/04/2026)
MARUM, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, PALEOCEAN, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, NTOU, NTOU, GEOTOP, UQAM, CAU, CEREGE, IRD, INRA, AMU, CdF (institution), INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Evidence for a three-phase sequence during Heinrich Stadial 4 using a multiproxy approach based on Greenland ice core records
Glacial climate was characterised by two types of abrupt events. Greenland ice cores record Dansgaard-Oeschger events, marked by abrupt warming in-between cold, stadial phases. Six of these stadials appear related to major Heinrich events (HEs), identified from ice-rafted debris (IRD) and large excursions in carbon-and oxygen-stable isotopic ratios in North Atlantic deep sea sediments, documenting major ice sheet collapse events. This finding has led to the paradigm that glacial cold events are induced by the response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to such massive freshwater inputs, supported by sensitivity studies conducted with climate models of various complexities. These models also simulate synchronous Green-land temperature and lower-latitude hydrological changes. To investigate the sequence of events between climate changes at low latitudes and in Greenland, we provide here the first 17 O-excess record from a Greenland ice core during Dansgaard-Oeschger events 7 to 13, encompassing H4 and H5. Combined with other ice core proxy records, our new 17 O-excess data set demonstrates that stadials are generally characterised by low 17 O-excess levels compared to interstadials. This can be interpreted as synchronous change of high-latitude temperature and lower-latitude hydrological cycle (relative humidity at the oceanic source of evaporation or change in the water mass trajectory/recharge) and/or an influence of local temperature on 17 O-excess through kinetic effect at snow formation. As an exception from this general pattern, stadial 9 consists of three phases, characterised first by Greenland cooling during 550 ± 60 years (as shown by markers of Greenland temperature δ 18 O and δ 15 N), followed by a specific lower-latitude fingerprint as identified from several proxy records (abrupt decrease in 17 O-excess, increase in CO 2 and methane mixing ratio, heavier δD-CH 4 and δ 18 O atm), lasting 740 ± 60 years, itself ending approximately 390 ± 50 years prior to abrupt Greenland warming. We hypothesise that this lower-latitude signal may be the fingerprint of Heinrich event 4 in Greenland ice cores. The proposed decoupling between stable cold Greenland temperature and low-latitude climate variability identified for sta-dial 9 provides new targets for benchmarking climate model simulations and testing mechanisms associated with millen-nial variability.
(Climate of the Past. vol. 10, n° 1814-9324, pp. 2115-2133, 22/04/2026)
LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, NBI, UCPH, GLACCIOS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, PALEOCEAN, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA
Amélioration de l’élimination des micropolluants des eaux usées grâce aux procédés tertiaires intensifs et extensifs
Amélioration de l’élimination des micropolluants des eaux usées grâce aux procédés tertiaires intensifs et extensifs compléments sur http://armistiq.irstea.fr/journee-de-restitution
(pp. 2, 22/04/2026)
UR MALY, IRSTEA, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Etude intégrée de l’effet des apports amont et locaux sur le fonctionnement de la Garonne estuarienne (ETIAGE) : Axe 5 Synthèses des pressions et des impacts caractérisant les eaux de la Garonne estuarienne. Recommandations de gestion
Le programme ETIAGE a été mis en place avec pour objectif de répondre aux questions suivantes : que représentent les apports des effluents de la Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux (CUB) par rapport à ceux venant de l’amont en termes de charge organique et de micro-polluants ? Quels rôles sur le devenir des effluents jouent la présence du bouchon vaseux et la stagnation résiduelle des eaux (déplacement net entre mouvement de flot et de jusant) au niveau de l’estuaire fluvial amont en période d’étiage estival ? Réciproquement, à quels moments et jusqu’où s’étend l’impact de ces effluents sur la qualité des eaux de la Garonne estuarienne ? Quelles incidences des effluents sur le comportement des populations biologiques en place ou migratoires dans la Garonne estuarienne ? Quelle tendance évolutive va connaître l’oxygénation des eaux ? Quel sera l’impact sur le comportement des micro-polluants et des populations biologiques ? Quelles recommandations de gestion pourraient être préconisées à partir de la synthèse des pressions exercées sur les eaux de la Garonne estuarienne ? Une présentation très synthétique des résultats, obtenus sur les quatre années du programme, est donnée : axe Caractérisation et rôle respectif des apports organiques amont et locaux sur l’oxygénation des eaux de la Garonne estuarienne ; axe 2 Caractérisation et flux des contaminants organiques (classiques et émergents) dans les eaux de la Garonne estuarienne ; axe 3 Apports métalliques de la CUB à la Gironde ; axe 4 actions 1 et 3 Inventaire et caractérisation saisonnière de la macrofaune présente (poissons et crustacés) dans la masse d’eau sous influence directe des apports de l’agglomération bordelaise; étude des effets des périodes hypoxiques sur les fonctionnements biologiques ; axe 4 action 2 : Approche de l’impact des conditions physico-chimiques affectant la masse d’eau estuarienne garonnaise sur les cortèges biologiques ; axe 4 action 4 Evaluation des niveaux de contamination et effets toxicologiques sur les composantes biologiques exposées dans la masse d’eau estuarienne garonnaise.
(pp. 21, 22/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CNRS, UB, IRSTEA, UR EABX, IRSTEA
Importance, but not intensity of plant interactions relates to species diversity under the interplay of stress and disturbance
The lack of clarity on how the intensity and importance of plant interactions change under the co-occurrence of stress and disturbance strongly impedes assessing the relative importance of plant interactions for species diversity. We addressed this issue in subalpine grasslands of the French Pyrenees. A natural soil moisture gradient further experimentally stretched at both ends was used and a mowing disturbance treatment was applied at each position along the soil moisture gradient. Changes in intensity and importance of plant interactions were assessed by a neighbour removal experiment using four target ecotypes. A structural equation modelling approach was used to assess the relative impact of stress, disturbance, the intensity and importance of plant interactions on diversity at both the neighbourhood and community scales. Without mowing, changes in intensity and importance of plant interactions only diverged in the dry part of the soil moisture gradient. The intensity of plant interactions linearly shifted from competition to facilitation with increasing stress, while the importance followed a hump-shaped relationship. Species diversity components were tightly related to the importance of plant interactions only, both the neighbourhood and community scales. Mowing disturbance strongly reduced the importance of facilitation along the soil moisture gradient, and suppressed the relationship between the importance of plant interactions and diversity components. Together, our results highlight that 1) the importance is the best predictor of variations in species diversity in this subalpine herbaceous system, and 2) that fine-scale processes such as plant interactions can affect the entire plant communities. Finally, our results suggest that high level of constraints due to co-occurring stress and disturbance can inhibit the effects of plant interactions on species diversity, highlighting their potential role in regulating diversity and the maintenance/extinction of plant communities.
(Oikos. vol. 123, n° 0030-1299, pp. 777–785, 22/04/2026)
UB, BioGeCo, INRA, UB, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS