Morphodynamic characterisation of the human-impacted Bight of Benin sand barrier coast, West Africa
(Journal of Coastal Research. vol. SI 70, n° 0749-0208, pp. 079-083, 22/04/2026)
CEREGE, IRD, INRA, AMU, CdF (institution), INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ECOLA, LEGOS, IRD, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNES, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, OLVAC, LEGOS, IRD, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNES, CNRS
Sea ice diatom contributions to Holocene nutrient utilization in East Antarctica
Combined high-resolution Holocene δ 30 Si diat and δ 13 C diat paleorecords are presented from the Seasonal Ice Zone, East Antarctica. Both data sets reflect periods of increased nutrient utilization by diatoms during the Hypsithermal period (circa 7800 to 3500 calendar years (cal years) B.P.), coincident with a higher abundance of open water diatom species (Fragilariopsis kerguelensis), increased biogenic silica productivity (%BSi), and higher regional summer temperatures. The Neoglacial period (after circa 3500 cal years B.P.) is reflected by an increase in sea ice indicative species (Fragilariopsis curta and Fragilariopsis cylindrus, up to 50%) along with a decrease in %BSi and δ 13 C diat (< À18‰ to À23‰). However, over this period, δ 30 Si diat data show an increasing trend, to some of the highest values in the Holocene record (average of +0.43‰). Competing hypotheses are discussed to account for the decoupling trend in utilization proxies including iron fertilization, species-dependent fractionation effects, and diatom habitats. Based on mass balance calculations, we highlight that diatom species derived from the semi-enclosed sea ice environment may have a confounding effect upon δ 30 Si downcore compositions of the seasonal sea ice zone. A diatom composition, with approximately 28% of biogenic silica derived from the sea ice environment (diat-SI) can account for the increased average composition of δ 30 Si diat during the Neoglacial. These data highlight the significant role sea ice diatoms can play with relation to their export in sediment records, which has implications on productivity reconstructions from the seasonal ice zone.
(Paleoceanography. vol. 29, n° 0883-8305, pp. 328-343, 22/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, IP Paris, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité, ULB, PALEOPROXUS, LOCEAN, IPSL, ENS-PSL, UVSQ, UPMC, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Impact of dietary cadmium sulphide nanoparticles on Danio rerio zebrafish at very low contamination pressure.
: Abstract To address the impact of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (CdSNPs) of two different sizes (8 and 50 nm), Danio rerio zebrafish were dietary exposed to very low doses: 100 or 40 ng CdSNPs/day/g body weight for 36 or 60 days, respectively. The results obtained using RAPD-PCR genotoxicity test showed genomic alteration since the number of hybridisation sites of the RAPD probes was significantly modified after CdSNPs exposure. In addition, selected stress response genes were either repressed or upregulated in tissues of CdSNPs-exposed fish. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also caused by the presence of CdSNPs in food. Cadmium accumulation in fish tissues (brain and muscles) could only be observed after 60 days of exposure. CdSNPs toxicity was dependent on their size and concentration.
(Nanotoxicology. vol. 8, n° 1743-5390, pp. 676-685, 22/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ICMCB, UB, INC-CNRS, CNRS, IBGC, UB, CNRS
Developmental toxicity of PAH mixtures in fish early life stages. Part I: adverse effects in rainbow trout
A new gravel-contact assay using rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, embryos was developed to assess the toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other hydrophobic compounds. Environmentally realistic exposure conditions were mimicked with a direct exposure of eyed rainbow trout embryos incubated onto chemical-spiked gravels until hatching at 10 °C. Several endpoints were recorded including survival, hatching delay, hatching success, biometry, developmental abnormalities, and DNA damage (comet and micronucleus assays). This bioassay was firstly tested with two model PAHs, fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene. Then, the method was applied to compare the toxicity of three PAH complex mixtures characterized by different PAH compositions: a pyrolytic extract from a PAH-contaminated sediment (Seine estuary, France) and two petrogenic extracts from Arabian Light and Erika oils, at two environmental concentrations, 3 and 10 μg g−1 sum of PAHs. The degree and spectrum of toxicity were different according to the extract considered. Acute effects including embryo mortality and decreased hatching success were observed only for Erika oil extract. Arabian Light and pyrolytic extracts induced mainly sublethal effects including reduced larvae size and hemorrhages. Arabian Light and Erika extracts both induced repairable DNA damage as revealed by the comet assay versus the micronucleus assay. The concentration and proportion of methylphenanthrenes and methylanthracenes appeared to drive the toxicity of the three PAH fractions tested, featuring a toxic gradient as follows: pyrolytic < Arabian Light < Erika. The minimal concentration causing developmental defects was as low as 0.7 μg g−1 sum of PAHs, indicating the high sensitivity of the assay and validating its use for toxicity assessment of particle-bound pollutants.
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 21, n° 0944-1344, pp. 13720-13731, 22/04/2026)
UB, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LPGP, INRA, Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique, BE, IFREMER
Technical, economic and environmental evaluation of advanced tertiary treatments for micropollutants removal (oxidation and adsorption)
Two pilots for tertiary treatment, an advanced oxidation processes (AOP - O3/UV/H2O2) pilot and a granular activated carbon pilot, were tested in three different wastewater treatment plants after a secondary treatment. A total of 64 micropollutants including drugs, pesticides, alkylphenols, PAHs and metals were analysed in the samples at the inlet and the outlet of the pilots. The tertiary treatments studied (ozone, AOP and activated carbon) were efficient for the removal of most of the compounds analysed in this study, except metals. The addition of hydrogen peroxide to ozone increased the number of substances well removed but it did not improve the removal of substances that readily react with ozone (such as betablockers or carbamazepine). The other AOP (ozone/H2O2 and UV/H2O2) did not improve the number of substances well removed in comparison with ozone alone. The granular activated carbon was still efficient (R>70%) after 6 months working 24/7 for most of the drugs and the urea and triazine pesticides. The 5 technologies studied were sized at full scale in order to calculate their cost for two sizes of WWTP. The implementation of a tertiary treatment on a 60 000 to 200 000 PE WWTP would increase the wastewater treatment cost by 1,5 to 17,6 euros cents per cubic meter treated according to the technology and the removal objective. Concerning the environmental impact, for the big WWTP, the activated carbon is more impacting than the other processes for most of the impacts calculated. The order of POA by increasing environmental impact is ozone < ozone/H2O2 < ozone/UV ~ UV/H2O2. For the medium size WWTP however, the activated carbon is comparable to the other solutions regarding environmental impact.
(pp. 4 p., 22/04/2026)
CIRSEE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UR MALY, IRSTEA
Impact of precession on the climate, vegetation and fire activity in southern Africa during MIS4
The relationships between climate, vegetation and fires are a major subject of investigation in the context of climate change. In southern Africa, fire is known to play a crucial role in the existence of grasslands and Mediterranean-type biomes. Microcharcoal-based reconstructions of past fire activity in that region have shown a tight correlation between grass-fueled fires and the precessional cycle, with maximum fire activity during maxima of the climatic preces-sion index. These changes have been interpreted as the result of changes in fuel load in response to precipitation changes in eastern southern Africa. Here we use the general circulation model IPSL_CM5A (Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Climate Model version 5A) and the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-LMfire to investigate the response of climate, vegetation and fire activity to precession changes in southern Africa during marine isotopic stage 4 (74–59 kyr BP). We perform two climatic simulations, for a maximum and minimum of the pre-cession index, and use a statistical downscaling method to increase the spatial resolution of the IPSL_CM5A outputs over southern Africa and perform high-resolution simulations of the vegetation and fire activity. Our results show an anticorre-lation between the northern and southern African monsoons in response to precession changes. A decrease of the preces-sion climatic index leads to a precipitation decrease in the summer rainfall area of southern Africa. The drying of climate leads to a decrease of vegetation cover and fire activity. Our results are in qualitative agreement with data and confirm that fire activity in southern Africa during MIS4 is mainly driven by vegetation cover.
(Climate of the Past. vol. 10, n° 1814-9324, pp. 1165-1182, 22/04/2026)
PACEA, UB, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IPSL, ENS-PSL, PSL, UVSQ, UPMC, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, IP Paris, CNES, CNRS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, CLIM, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA
Inkjet coplanar square monopole on flexible substrate for 60-GHz applications
In this letter, the design, fabrication, and measurement of a 60-GHz printed antenna with inkjet technology over a flexible substrate is presented. The antenna is a coplanar square monopole with omnidirectional radiation characteristics. We especially measured a 68% total efficiency and a maximum realized gain of 1.8 dBi. This study demonstrates the inkjet technology being a competitive solution for efficient radiating elements at millimeter- wave frequencies.
(IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. vol. 13, n° 1536-1225, pp. 435-438, 22/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ST-CROLLES, IEMN, UVHC, CNRS, UPHF, LEAT, UNS, CNRS, UniCA, IUF, M.E.N.E.S.R.
Phytobenthos des cours d’eau de la Réunion : l’Indice Diatomées Réunion (IDR)
La Directive 2000/60/CE (DCE), qui vise à l'atteinte ou au maintien du Bon Etat Ecologique des masses d'eau européennes au terme de 2015, s'applique de droit pour les Départements d'Outre-Mer comme pour le territoire métropolitain. Les indices biologiques développés en métropole (exemples : IPS, IBD 2007 sur les diatomées benthiques des cours d'eau) ont été testés et posent d’importants problèmes d'assise taxonomique les rendant inappropriés dans un contexte biogéographique éloigné et isolé. C'est typiquement le cas pour la Réunion, dont les cortèges biologiques (faune, flore) se sont structurés sur un volcan ayant émergé directement depuis le fond de l'Océan Indien, conduisant à des milieux naturels d’eaux douce très isolés par le domaine maritime. De fait, les assemblages diatomiques locaux sont bien spécifiques et beaucoup d’espèces trouvées sur place sont présumées endémiques du fait de cet isolement, de conditions naturelles locales très particulières et de différences morphologiques plus ou moins marquées par rapport aux flores connues ailleurs dans le mondet. A la demande de l'Office de l'Eau de la Réunion, un programme de recherche spécifique impliquant le consortium ASCONIT-IRSTEA a été initialement mis en place entre 2008 et 2011. Il a ensuite connu des actualisations jusqu’à fin 2012, au gré de l’acquisition et de l’incorporation de nouvelles données. Les objectifs généraux du programme étaient : 1) l'acquisition de la connaissance taxonomique et hydro-écologique concernant les assemblages diatomiques locaux, 2) l'élaboration d'un guide taxinomique récapitulant les informations sur les espèces qui présentent un intérêt en monitoring, et 3) la genèse d'un nouvel indice diatomique (I.D.R.) bâti sur les référentiels acquis au cours de l'étude et permettant une évaluation judicieuse et robuste de l'Etat Ecologique des cours d'eau de la Réunion. Entre la fin du programme initial et fin 2012, les relevés utilisables sont passés de 269 à 345. Au final, après double seuillage portant sur l’occurrence du taxon et son abondance relative minimale dans au moins un relevé, 182 taxons ont pu se voir calculer un profil de qualité dans le Gradient Composite Multimétrique d’Anthropisation (GCMA). 12 taxons ayant une écologie typiquement halophile selon la littérature (influences halines littorales s’exerçant sur l’aval de certains cours d’eau), ce sont donc 170 taxons qui se sont vus attribuer un profil écologique dans l’IDR et qui participent effectivement à son calcul. Parmi eux, 125 taxons, qualifiés de Taxons +, ne revêtent aucune signification particulière sur le plan de l’altération anthropique. 55 espèces ont été qualifiées de taxons d’alerte à la signification gradée, parmi lesquelles 17 Taxons 3- (couleur rouge), 21 Taxons 2- (couleur orange) et 17 taxons- (couleur jaune), affectés d’un poids différent dans le calcul d’indice. Des exemples emblématiques de ces catégories de taxons seront présentés. La nouvelle version d’IDR, l’IDR V5-3, a résolu les problèmes de jeunesse de la première version. Elle a servi à repérer les niveaux de notes de référence pour 2 grands ensembles naturels de la Réunion (Côte Ouest sèche et chaude versus Côte Est plus fraîche et pluvieuse) et à établir 2 grilles d’évaluation exprimées en EQRs. Ces grilles sont d’ores et déjà utilisables pour évaluer l’état écologique de sites à chaque date sur la base de relevés individuels. Elles ont été utilisées, avec un principe d’One Out-All Out ménagé, pour réaliser une intégration temporelle de l’état écologique au site. Cependant, un principe différent d’agrégation va être adopté dans un prochain Arrêté d’évaluation à paraître prochainement, qui utilisera la moyenne des notes indicielles sur 3 ans, ce qui provoque une compression assez conséquente de l’échelle d’évaluation. Les grilles d’évaluation proposées pour l’Arrêté vont donc devoir être réadaptées et recalées pour pouvoir satisfaire à ce grain d’évaluation intégrée, qui n’avait pas fait l’objet de scénario d’étude.
(pp. 15, 22/04/2026)
UR EABX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Cartographie des habitats naturels des estrans et zones humides littorales
A l’interface entre terre et mer, les zones humides littorales sont des environnements dont le fonctionnement écosystémique est contraint par les forçages climatiques et anthropiques. Par le biais des directives européennes et des plans de gestion, ces milieux sont suivis et cartographiés à échéance régulière dans le but d’asseoir leur état écologique. Différentes stratégies de cartographie basées sur l’exploitation d’images satellite sont adoptées selon les objectifs à atteindre : (1) cartographie exhaustive des faciès/habitats intertidaux (type Natura 2000), (2) cartographie de l’herbier à Zostera noltii (Directive Cadre sur l’Eau), (3) cartographie des habitats des prés-salés, (4) suivi de l’évolution naturelle des paysages et de la végétation en lien avec des événements accidentels ou volontaires (actions de dépoldérisation). Cet article dresse un panorama des stratégies de cartographie exploitant des données optiques et radar à Haute (SPOT-5) et Très Haute Résolution Spatiale (Pléiades, TerraSAR-X) mises au point pour répondre aux besoins d’observation et d’expertise pour la gestion intégrée des milieux littoraux lagunaires.
(Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection. vol. 208, n° 1768-9791, pp. 51-56, 22/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UMR TETIS, Cirad, IRSTEA, CESBIO, IRD, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNES, CNRS, INRAE, UB, ULR
A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum
(Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 100, n° 0277-3791, pp. 1 - 9, 22/04/2026)
GCU, BAS, NERC, UGent, LGP, UP1, UPEC UP12, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IWF, OeAW, USF, CAM, DGES, LOCEAN, IPSL, ENS-PSL, PSL, UVSQ, UPMC, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, IP Paris, CNES, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ULaval, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, PSI, NIFS, LDEO