Erratum to: Development and application of a multi-residue method for the determination of 53 pharmaceuticals in water, sediment, and suspended solids using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Comprehensive source and fate studies of pharmaceuticals in the environment require analytical methods able to quantify a wide range of molecules over various therapeutic classes, in aqueous and solid matrices. Considering this need, the development of an analytical method to determine 53 pharmaceuticals in aqueous phase and in solid matrices using a combination of microwave-assisted extraction, solid phase extraction, and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry is reported. Method was successfully validated regarding linearity, repeatability, and overall protocol recovery. Method detection limits (MDLs) do not exceed 1 ng L−1 for 40 molecules in aqueous matrices (6 ng L−1 for the 13 remaining), while subnanogram per gram MDLs were reached for 38 molecules in solid phase (29 ng g−1 for the 15 remaining). Losses due to preparative steps were assessed for the 32 analytes associated to their labeled homologue, revealing an average loss of 40 % during reconcentration, the most altering step. Presence of analytes in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent aqueous phase and suspended solids (SS) as well as in river water, SS, and sediments was then investigated on a periurban river located in the suburbs of Bordeaux, France, revealing a major contribution of WWTP effluent to the river contamination. Sorption on river SS exceeded 5 % of total concentration for amitriptyline, fluoxetine, imipramine, ritonavir, sildenafil, and propranolol and appeared to be submitted to a seasonal influence. Sediment contamination was lower than the one of SS, organic carbon content, and sediment fine element proportion was accountable for the highest measured concentrations.
(Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. vol. 407, n° 1618-2642, 01/09/2015)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
A 12,000-yr pollen record off Cape Hatteras — Pollen sources and mechanisms of pollen dispersion
Integrating both marine and terrestrial signals from the same sediment core is one of the primary challenges for understanding the role of ocean–atmosphere coupling throughout past climate changes. It is therefore vital to understand how the pollen signal of a given marine record reflects the vegetation changes of the neighboring continent. The comparison between the pollen record of marine core JPC32 (KNR178JPC32) and available terrestrial pollen sequences from eastern North America over the last 12,170 years indicates that the pollen signature off Cape Hatteras gives an integrated image of the regional vegetation encompassing the Pee Dee river, Chesapeake and Delaware hydrographic basins and is reliable in reconstructing the past climate of the adjacent continent. Extremely high quantities of pollen grains included in the marine sediments off Cape Hatteras were transferred from the continent to the sea, at intervals 10,100–8800 cal yr BP, 8300–7500 cal yr BP, 5800–4300 cal yr BP and 2100–730 cal yr BP, during storm events favored by episodes of rapid sea-level rise in the eastern coast of US. In contrast, pollen grains export was reduced during 12,170–10,150 cal yr BP and 4200–2200 cal yr BP, during episodes of intense continental dryness and slow sea level rise episodes or lowstands in the eastern coast of US. The near absence of reworked pollen grains in core JPC32 contrasts with the high quantity of reworked material in nearby but deeper located marine sites, suggesting that the JPC32 record was not affected by the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) since the end of the Younger Dryas and should be considered a key site for studying past climate changes in the western North Atlantic.
(Marine Geology. vol. 367, n° 0025-3227, pp. 118-129, 01/09/2015)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
The mosaic of habitats of the Seine estuary: Insights from food-web modelling and network analysis
Ecological network analysis was applied in the Seine estuary ecosystem, northern France, integrating ecological data from the years 1996 to 2002. The Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) approach was used to model the trophic flows in 6 spatial compartments leading to 6 distinct EwE models: the navigation channel and the two channel flanks in the estuary proper, and 3 marine habitats in the eastern Seine Bay. Each model included 12 consumer groups, 2 primary producers, and one detritus group. Ecological network analysis was performed, including a set of indices, keystoneness, and trophic spectrum analysis to describe the contribution of the 6 habitats to the Seine estuary ecosystem functioning. Results showed that the two habitats with a functioning most related to a stressed state were the northern and central navigation channels, where building works and constant maritime traffic are considered major anthropogenic stressors. The strong top-down control highlighted in the other 4 habitats was not present in the central channel, showing instead (i) a change in keystone roles in the ecosystem towards sediment-based, lower trophic levels, and (ii) a higher system omnivory. The southern channel evidenced the highest system activity (total system throughput), the higher trophic specialisation (low system omnivory), and the lowest indication of stress (low cycling and relative redundancy). Marine habitats showed higher fish biomass proportions and higher transfer efficiencies per trophic levels than the estuarine habitats, with a transition area between the two that presented intermediate ecosystem structure. The modelling of separate habitats permitted disclosing each one's response to the different pressures, based on their a priori knowledge. Network indices, although non-monotonously, responded to these differences and seem a promising operational tool to define the ecological status of transitional water ecosystems.
(Ecological Modelling. vol. 312, n° 0304-3800, pp. 91-101, 01/09/2015)
BOREA, UNICAEN, NU, MNHN, IRD, SU, CNRS, UA, M2C, UNICAEN, NU, INSU - CNRS, UNIROUEN, NU, CNRS, UR EABX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IFREMER, GIP-Seine-Aval, UB, EMH, IFREMER, CNRS, NU, UNICAEN, NU
Reconciling two alternative mechanisms behind bi-decadal variability in the North Atlantic
Understanding the preferential timescales of variability in the North Atlantic, usually associated with the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), is essential for the prospects for decadal prediction. However, the wide variety of mechanisms proposed from the analysis of climate simulations, potentially dependent on the models themselves, has stimulated the debate of which processes take place in reality. One mechanism receiving increasing attention, identified both in idealized models and observations, is a westward propagation of subsurface buoyancy anomalies that impact the AMOC through a basin-scale intensification of the zonal density gradient, enhancing the northward transport via thermal wind balance. In this study, we revisit a control simulation from the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace Coupled Model 5A (IPSL-CM5A), characterized by a strong AMOC periodicity at 20 years, previously explained by an upper ocean–atmosphere–sea ice coupled mode driving convection activity south of Iceland. Our study shows that this mechanism interacts constructively with the basin-wide propagation in the subsurface. This constructive feedback may explain why bi-decadal variability is so intense in this coupled model as compared to others.
(Progress in Oceanography. vol. 137, n° 0079-6611, pp. 237–249, 01/09/2015)
LOCEAN, IPSL, ENS-PSL, PSL, UVSQ, UPMC, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, IP Paris, CNES, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, PARVATI, LOCEAN, IPSL, ENS-PSL, UVSQ, UPMC, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, OCCR, UNIBE, NOC, UOR
The sedimentary record of the 1960 tsunami in two coastal lakes on Isla de Chiloé, south central Chile
This study describes sediments deposited by the tsunami following the 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake (MW 9.5) in two coastal lakes, Lakes Cucao and Huelde, on thewest coast of Isla de Chiloé, south central Chile (42.6°S). Subbottom profiles and side scan sonar mosaics illustrate the sedimentary context of transects of gravity cores. The stratigraphy of both lakes features gyttja sedimentation, interrupted by the abrupt emplacement of a sandy layer with mud rip-up clasts and a mud cap. This sandy layer reflects a sudden change in sedimentary environment, most probably caused by a high-energy inundation. Radionuclide analyses (137Cs and 210Pb) date the inundation deposit to shortly before the mid 1960s. The only known event that matches the sedimentological and chronological criteria is the AD 1960 tsunami. Using grain size analysis and comparisonswith samples frommodern environments, we demonstrate that the proximal (seaward) part of the deposit consists of a mixture of sand derived from subaerial sources and reworked gyttja lake sediment. In the distal (landward) part of Lake Cucao, the sand component is lost and the deposit consists entirely of remobilised lake sediments. The repetition of tsunami deposit sequences in Lake Huelde suggests a minimumof three inundatingwaves. Sub-bottom profiles and side scan sonar mosaics reveal tsunami inundation over the barrier and more prominently through the outlet river channel. The dominant role of the river channel as a pathway for sediment transport is also described in core samples by tsunami deposits that fine away from the channel mouth. The identification and description of the deposit left by a known tsunami provide important insights into tsunami sedimentation in coastal lakes and have the potential to help in the search for paleotsunami evidence.
(Sedimentary Geology. vol. 328, n° 0037-0738, pp. 73-86, 30/08/2015)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Reply to 'Sources of uncertainties in cod distribution models
Ingvaldsen et al.1 comment on our study assessing global fish interchanges between the North Atlantic and Pacific oceans for more than 500 species during the entire twenty-first century2. They propose that discrepancies between our model projections and observed data for cod in the Barents Sea are the result of the choice of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). We address this assertion here, re-running the cod model with additional observation data from the Barents Sea1,3, and show that the lack of open-access archived data for the Barents Sea was the primary cause of local prediction mismatch. This finding highlights the importance of systematic deposit of biodiversity data in global databases.
(Nature Climate Change. vol. 5, n° 1758-678X, pp. 790-791, 21/08/2015)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
COST action TD1407: network on technology-critical elements (NOTICE)—from environmental processes to human health threats
The current socio-economic, environmental and public health challenges that countries are facing clearly need common-defined strategies to inform and support our transition to a sustainable economy. Here, the technology-critical elements (which includes Ga, Ge, In, Te, Nb, Ta, Tl, the Platinum Group Elements and most of the rare-earth elements) are of great relevance in the development of emerging key technologies—including renewable energy, energy efficiency, electronics or the aerospace industry. In this context, the increasing use of technology-critical elements (TCEs) and associated environmental impacts (from mining to end-of-life waste products) is not restricted to a national level but covers most likely a global scale. Accordingly, the European COST Action TD1407: Network on Technology-Critical Elements (NOTICE)—from environmental processes to human health threats, has an overall objective for creating a network of scientists and practitioners interested in TCEs, from the evaluation of their environmental processes to understanding potential human health threats, with the aim of defining the current state of knowledge and gaps, proposing priority research lines/activities and acting as a platform for new collaborations and joint research projects. The Action is focused on three major scientific areas: (i) analytical chemistry, (ii) environmental biogeochemistry and (iii) human exposure and (eco)-toxicology.
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 22, n° 0944-1344, pp. 15188–15194, 20/08/2015)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
The effects of foundation species on community assembly: a global study on alpine cushion plant communities
Foundation species can change plant community structure by modulating important ecological processes such as community assembly, yet this topic is poorly understood. In alpine systems, cushion plants commonly act as foundation species by ameliorating local conditions. Here, we analyze diversity patterns of species' assembly within cushions and in adjacent surrounding open substrates (83 sites across five continents) calculating floristic dissimilarity between replicate plots, and using linear models to analyze relationships between microhabitats and species diversity. Floristic dissimilarity did not change across biogeographic regions, but was consistently lower in the cushions than in the open microhabitat. Cushion plants appear to enable recruitment of many relatively stress-intolerant species that otherwise would not establish in these communities, yet the niche space constructed by cushion plants supports a more homogeneous composition of species than the niche space beyond the cushion's influence. As a result, cushion plants support higher α-diversity and a larger species pool, but harbor assemblies with lower ?-diversity than open microhabitats. We conclude that habitats with and without dominant foundation species can strongly differ in the processes that drive species recruitment, and thus the relationship between local and regional species diversity.
(Ecology. vol. 96, n° 0012-9658, pp. 2064-2069, 01/08/2015)
UdeC, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UMR AMAP, Cirad, INRA, UM, CNRS, IRD [Occitanie], WSL, IEU, UZH
École doctorale Sciences et Environnements
(24/07/2015)
École doctorale des Sciences Chimiques
(24/07/2015)