Les collections scientifiques de l'université Bordeaux 1. Sciences et Technologies
De nombreuses universités scientifiques possèdent des collections. L'université Bordeaux 1 possède neuf grandes collections concernant les domaines de la préhistoire, de l'anthropologie, de la géologie terrestre et marine, de la paléontologie et micropaléontologie, de la biologie, de l'astronomie et d'un fonds ancien et moderne d'ouvrages scientifiques. Certaines collections sont riches de milliers de spécimens : fossiles d'invertébrés, ossements de vertébrés, silex taillés, ossements humains préhistoriques ou historiques, animaux naturalisés, carottes de sédiments, instruments d'astronomie et livres anciens. Ces collections ont été constituées par des privés ou des chercheurs et ont ensuite été léguées à l'université. Il est important d'identifier les collectionneurs et surtout les motivations qui ont guidé leurs choix : recherche, enseignement, passion. Entre histoires personnelles et histoires locales, ce regard sur les collections est aussi une porte ouverte sur l'histoire des Sciences.
(In Situ : Revue des patrimoines. vol. -, pp. on line, 12/04/2026)
L3AB, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, OASU, UB, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, INRAE, LAB, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UB, PACEA, UB, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Effects of Methylmercury Contained in a Diet Mimicking the Wayana Amerindians Contamination through Fish Consumption: Mercury Accumulation, Metallothionein Induction, Gene Expression Variations, and Role of the Chemokine CCL2.
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin, and human beings are mainly exposed to this pollutant through fish consumption. We addressed the question of whether a diet mimicking the fish consumption of Wayanas Amerindians from French Guiana could result in observable adverse effects in mice. Wayanas adult men are subjected to a mean mercurial dose of 7 g Hg/week/kg of body weight. We decided to supplement a vegetarian-based mice diet with 0.1% of lyophilized Hoplias aimara fish, which Wayanas are fond of and equivalent to the same dose as that afflicting the Wayanas Amerindians. Total mercury contents were 1.4 ± 0.2 and 5.4 ± 0.5 ng Hg/g of food pellets for the control and aimara diets, respectively. After 14 months of exposure, the body parts and tissues displaying the highest mercury concentration on a dry weight (dw) basis were hair (733 ng/g) and kidney (511 ng/g), followed by the liver (77 ng/g). Surprisingly, despite the fact that MeHg is a neurotoxic compound, the brain accumulated low levels of mercury (35 ng/g in the cortex). The metallothionein (MT) protein concentration only increased in those tissues (kidney, muscles) in which MeHg demethylation had occurred. This can be taken as a molecular sign of divalent mercurial contamination since only Hg(2+) has been reported yet to induce MT accumulation in contaminated tissues. The suppression of the synthesis of the chemokine CCL2 in the corresponding knockout (KO) mice resulted in important changes in gene expression patterns in the liver and brain. After three months of exposure to an aimara-containing diet, eight of 10 genes selected (Sdhb, Cytb, Cox1, Sod1, Sod2, Mt2, Mdr1a and Bax) were repressed in wild-type mice liver whereas none presented a differential expression in KO Ccl2(-/-) mice. In the wild-type mice brain, six of 12 genes selected (Cytb, Cox1, Sod1, Sod2, Mdr1a and Bax) presented a stimulated expression, whereas all remained at the basal level of expression in KO Ccl2(-/-) mice. In the liver of aimara-fed mice, histological alterations were observed for an accumulated mercury concentration as low as 32 ng/g, dw, and metal deposits were observed within the cytoplasm of hepatic cells.
(International Journal of Molecular Sciences. vol. 13, n° 1661-6596, pp. 7710-38, 12/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UPMC, INSERM, CNRS, IBGC, UB, CNRS
High resolution Holocene record in the southeastern Bay of Biscay: use of benthic and planktic foraminifera as paleoenvironmental proxies
The southeastern part of the Bay of Biscay is under the combined influence of the eastern branch of the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and coastal river plumes. The objective of this study is to use foraminiferal distribution from a 3 m high resolution record (SE Bay of Biscay; 550 m water depth) as proxies to evaluate the hydrological pattern of the Bay of Biscay during the Holocene; a period of rapid climatic change.
Faunal distributions coupled to grain size variability suggest a rapid evolution of the sedimentary structuring of the basin. Major changes are recorded in benthic and planktic foraminiferal communities suggesting important fluctuations of primary and exported productivity during the Holocene. These rapid changes could be related to variations of the oceanic hydrology of the basin and/or to the coastal rivers hydrological regimes.
(12/04/2026)
LPG-ANGERS, LPG, UA, UN UFR ST, UN, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Occurrence of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Phthalates in Freshwater Fish From the Orge River (Ile-de France)
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and phthalates were investigated from July 2009 to April 2010 in three fish species from the Orge river, which flows in a densely populated area of Ile-de-France. In two Cyprinidae (roach and chub) and one Percidae (perch), muscle contents in increasing order ranged as follows: 12-18 ng g(-1) dw for PBDEs (I tri-hepta) pound, 120-170 ng g(-1) dw for PCBs (I 7) pound, and 2,250-5,125 ng g(-1) dw for phthalates (I 7) pound. No variation was observed between contaminant contents and lipid levels. No biomagnification was found according to the trophic level for PBDEs and PCBs, whereas for phthalates the highest contents were found in perch. Seasonal variations were observed with the lowest PBDE and PCB contents occurring in July after spawning in roach and perch (p < 0.001). PBDE content followed a decreasing trend-gonad > liver > muscle-whatever the period. For PCBs, gonad and liver contents remained greater than that of muscle (p < 0.05). Our results indicate a preferential accumulation of halogenated compounds in gonad and liver outside the reproduction period. Bioaccumulation factors for PCBs in muscle were significantly correlated to their chlorination degree in perch (p < 0.01) and roach (p < 0.01). In roach, that correlation slope was by decreasing importance order as follows: gonad > liver > muscle. The biota-sediment accumulation factors varied from 0.1 to 29.2, from 1.6 to 4.8, and from 1 to 123.5 for PBDEs, PCBs, and phthalates, respectively. These results contribute to document the use of freshwater fish as bioindicators of river quality.
(Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. vol. 63, n° 0090-4341, pp. 101-113, 12/04/2026)
SISYPHE, UPMC, EPHE, PSL, PSL, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Short-term and small-scale variability in planktic foraminifera test flux in the Bay of Biscay
Test fluxes of planktic foraminifera in the Bay of Biscay were sampled in spring using drifting sediment traps deployed at 200 m depth. At a temporal and spatial resolution of 3 h and approximately 1 km the foraminifer flux varied with a factor of 5. The consecutive deployments within the same area, at distances of ∼50 km differed significantly in flux and relative species abundances. Flux sequences of the total foraminifer assemblage and individual species were significantly autocorrelated. The significance of autocorrelation analyses was affected by sample size of the flux sequences and limited to flux sequences with large fluxes. Autocorrelation in planktic foraminifer fluxes and standing stocks was restricted to distances <2 km, and were not attributed to the temporal domain.
(Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. vol. 64, n° 0967-0637, pp. 146 - 156, 12/04/2026)
HUJ, LPG-ANGERS, LPG, UA, UN UFR ST, UN, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
De 20 000 à 18 000 BP en Quercy : apports de la séquence du Cuzoul de Vers à la compréhension de l'évolution des comportements socio-économiques entre Solutréen récent et Badegoulien
Essai de synthèse des travaux menés autour du gisement du Cuzoul de Vers (Lot).
(pp. 459-471, 12/04/2026)
TRACES, EHESS, UT2J, Comue de Toulouse, MCC, Inrap, CNRS, BRGM, Inrap, PACEA, UB, CNRS, LDPL, MCC, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UL2, UCBL, CNRS, C2RMF, MCC, CNRS, ArScAn, UP1, UP8, UPN, MCC, CNRS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, GEOTRAC, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA
A 2500 year record of natural and anthropogenic soil erosion in South Greenland
The environmental impact of the Norse landnám in Greenland has been studied extensively. But to date, no study has quantified the soil erosion that Norse agricultural practices are believed to have caused. To resolve this problem, a high resolution sedimentary record from Lake Igaliku in South Greenland is used to quantitatively reconstruct 2500 years of soil erosion driven by climate and historical land use. An accurate chronology allows for the estimation of detritic fluxes and their uncertainties. Land clearance and the introduction of grazing livestock by the Norse around 1010 AD caused an acceleration of soil erosion up to 8 mm/century in 1180 AD which is two-fold higher than the natural pre-landnám background. From 1335 AD to the end of the Norse Eastern Settlement (in the mid-fifteenth century), the vegetation began to recover from initial disturbance and soil erosion decreased. After an initial phase of modern sheep breeding similar to the medieval one, the mechanization of agriculture in the 1980s caused an unprecedented soil erosion rate of up to 21 mm /century, five times the pre anthropogenic levels. Independently, a suite of biological and geochemical proxies (including Ti and diatom concentrations, C:N ratio, 13C and 15N of organic matter) confirm that the medieval and modern anthropogenic erosion far exceeds any natural erosion over the last 2500 years. Our findings question the veracity of the catastrophic scenario of overgrazing and land degradation considered to have been the major factor responsible for Norse settlement demise. They also shed light on the sustainability of modern practices and their consequences for the future of agriculture in Greenland.
(Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 32, n° 0277-3791, pp. 119-130, 12/04/2026)
LCE, CNRS, UFC, UBFC, BGS, UB, CNRS, ArScAn, UP1, UP8, UPN, MCC, CNRS, UP1 UFR03, UP1, ArScAn, UP1, UP8, UPN, MCC, CNRS, ARTeHiS, MCC, UB, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LISA (UMR_7583), INSU - CNRS, UPEC UP12, CNRS, UPCité
Distribution of trace elements in waters and sediments of the Seversky Donets transboundary watershed (Kharkiv region, Eastern Ukraine)
This paper reports on the aquatic chemistry of trace elements in terms of spatial and temporal distribution, but also pollution sources in the transboundary watershed of the Seversky Donets River (Ukraine/Russia). Bed sediments and filtered water were collected from the Udy and Lopan Rivers at sites from the river source in the Belgorod region (Russia) to rural and urban areas in the Kharkiv region (Ukraine) in May and August 2009. Priority trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn), an urban tracer (Ag) and additional metals (Co, Mo, V) and Th were measured in stream water and sediments. The low levels and variability of Th-normalized concentrations indicated the absence of geochemical anomalies in the upstream part of the rivers and suggested that these data represent a regional baseline for trace elements in bed sediments. In contrast, water and sediments within the city of Kharkiv were contaminated by Ag, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn, which are mainly attributed to municipal wastewater inputs and urban run-off. Results of the environmental quality assessment showed that element concentrations in the sediments can be considered as potentially toxic to aquatic organisms in sites downstream of the wastewater discharges.
(Applied Geochemistry. vol. 27, n° 0883-2927, pp. 2077-2087, 12/04/2026)
UB, ENSEGID, Ghymac, UB, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ISTO, BRGM, INSU - CNRS, UO, CNRS
Effets du cadmium sur l’expression génétique de l’espèce Eolimna minima
Les systèmes aquatiques sont fortement impactés par les activités anthropiques et par les diverses pollutions qui en découlent. Parmi ces pollutions, les contaminations aux métaux lourds sont particulièrement préoccupantes du fait des effets toxiques avérés qu’elles entraînent. Le développement d’outils adaptés à l’évaluation de la qualité des eaux est dans ce contexte un enjeu fondamental. Les diatomées benthiques d’eau douce sont considérées comme un maillon bio-indicateur intéressant, qui les ont fait retenir comme élément biologique-clé par la DCE et ont conduit à leur utilisation dans divers indices de qualité des eaux comme l’Indice Biologique Diatomées (IBD) appliqué au niveau européen. Cependant, ces indices ont montré leurs limites dans l’évaluation de la qualité des eaux face à des pollutions de type métallique. C’est pourquoi de nouvelles approches sont amenées à voir le jour dans l’évaluation de la qualité des eaux. Dans notre étude, l’impact du Cd au niveau génétique est évalué par PCR-q sur 9 gènes d’intérêt suite à une exposition en conditions contrôlées de laboratoire de l’espèce eolimna minima, la cinétique de croissance de la population et la bio-accumulation sont suivies. La cinétique de population montre un fort impact du Cd à la concentration de 100µg Cd/L avec une inhibition totale de croissance pour ce niveau de contamination. Ces résultats sont à mettre en relation avec les facteurs élevés de bioaccumulation calculés, qui sont de 57 ±6,3 µg Cd/g ps et de 734 ±70 µg Cd/g ps au bout de 14 jours pour l’exposition respectivement à 10 et 100 µg Cd/L. Des réponses génétiques révèlent l’impact du Cd sur le métabolisme mitochondrial et sur le photosystème d’Eolimna minima exposée à 10 et 100 µg/L avec des surexpressions de cox, 12S, d1 et psaA au bout de 7 jours d’exposition pour la concentration à 100 µg/L et de nad5, d1 et psaA au bout de 14 jours pour les 2 conditions. Notre étude est une première approche dans l’utilisation de la PCR-q sur diatomées benthiques d’eau douce. Les résultats obtenus laissent envisager des perspectives extrêmement intéressantes dans le cadre de développement de nouveaux outils de diagnostic de la qualité des eaux.
(pp. 1, 12/04/2026)
UR REBX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Removal of micropollutants by various aerobic energy-free treatment processes
The present work details the results of a comprehensive study dealing with 127 priority and emerging micropollutants. It focused on energy-free processes that are suitable for rural areas, as they involve passive aeration supply: stabilization pond, vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetlands, trickling filter, rotating biodiscs associated or not with reed-bed filters. The research work involved powerful and sensitive analytical techniques to measure micropollutants concentrations in wastewaters in order to calculate robust removals by the 6 types of treatment and evaluate released fluxes. This work also allowed to point out the micropollutants that would require further treatment.
(pp. 4, 12/04/2026)
UR MALY, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS