Les spéléothèmes enregistreurs des environnements passés et marqueurs de l’histoire des grottes
Les spéléothèmes, dépôts carbonatés des grottes, constituent des archives reconnues des variations climatiques. Grâce à la possibilité de les dater par radiochronologie, ils fournissent de précieux jalons chronologiques sur l’histoire géomorphologique des grottes, des occupations humaines passées et permettent d'évaluer les changements environnementaux avec une grande précision sur des centaines de milliers d’années. Leur étude est une science en pleine évolution, très prometteuse en termes de quantification des paramètres climatiques. Les spéléothèmes sont cependant issus d’un milieu fragile, qui doit être géré avec précaution afin de protéger ces témoins uniques du passé.
(Dynamiques Environnementales - Journal international des géosciences et de l’environnement. vol. 54-55, n° 1968-469X, pp. 1-53, 08/04/2026)
CEREGE, IRD, AMU, CdF (institution), INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Assessing the invasion risk of the cnidaria Blackfordia virginica Mayer, 1910: a threat to the Baltic Sea ecosystem?
The ecological role, bloom extent and long-term dynamics of jellyfishes are mostly overlooked due to sampling limitations, leading to the lack of continuous long-term datasets. A rise in frequency and magnitude of jellyfish invasion around the world is shedding new light on these organisms. In this study, we estimate the current and future distribution of the introduced jellyfish Blackfordia virginica in the Baltic Sea. We determine the combination of favorable levels of temperature and salinity for this species by analyzing presence/absence data from areas outside the Baltic Sea and project the distribution of suitable habitat in the Baltic Sea across different scenarios with variable climate forcing and eutrophication levels. Our results show that suitability increases with rising temperature and optimal salinity range from 13 to 20 for this species. In addition, a relatively large area of the Baltic Sea represents favorable abiotic conditions for B. virginica , enhancing the concerns on its potential range expansion. Spatial analysis illustrates that the coastal areas of the southern Baltic Sea are particularly at risk for the invasion of the species. The observation of the projection of habitat suitability across time highlights that future Baltic Sea environmental conditions increase suitability levels for B. virginica and suggest a potential expansion of its distribution in the future.
(Biological Invasions. vol. 27, n° 1387-3547, pp. 106, 08/04/2026)
BOREA, MNHN, IRD, SU, CNRS, UA, GEOMAR, CCMAR, UAlg, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
The influence of large-scale climate patterns on sediment loss from agricultural land—exploration using an instrumented field and catchment scale platform
Accelerated soil erosion and sediment delivery are threats to water quality. In Western Europe, weather patterns are strongly influenced by large scale climate systems such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAOi). Recently, however, a new climate index has been developed, called the West Europe Pressure Anomaly (WEPAi), which may be more relevant for weather in North Western Europe. Recent attempts have tried to link variability in weather patterns as described by hydro-climatic indices and amplifications in the degradation of water quality. However, to our knowledge, no previous work has been undertaken on investigating their effects on suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs). A study was conducted in southwest England using long-term meteorological, monthly NAOi and WEPAi, and 15 min discharge and turbidity datasets collected from an instrumented field and catchment scale monitoring platform. Monthly winter precipitation totals, and air temperature were both found to be significantly positively related to NAOi, but not in the summer. Both variables were significant and more strongly related with the WEPAi for both seasons. Flow weighted mean SSCs calculated for both seasons over a 4 year period were compared to monthly NAOi and WEPAi. In winter months, no significant relationships were found at any scale for NAOi. However, significant positive relationships with the WEPAi were present regardless of catchment size. In the summer months there were no significant relationships with either climate indices. Large-scale climate drivers are important in the sediment responses of agricultural landscapes. An ability to forecast monthly climate scale drivers could enable farmers to better plan for those periods when hydro-sedimentological responses are likely to be elevated. More work is needed across a range of landscape typologies to confirm that the relationships observed hold true more widely.
(Environmental Research Letters. vol. 20, n° 1748-9326, pp. 044023, 08/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Restauration de zones humides de tête de bassin versant - Programme de suivi des sites - Phytoremed/Restaur - Volet écotoxicologie - Rapport final
(pp. 39, 08/04/2026)
UR EABX, INRAE, RiverLy, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UB, CNRS, INRAE
Simple physics-based rip current and shore-break wave hazard predictors for beaches in southwest
Sandy beaches are attractive yet potentially dangerous environments due to physical hazards in the surf zone. The most severe natural hazards are rip currents and shore-break waves, which form under varying wave, tide, and morphological conditions. This study introduces two simple, physics-based models to forecast channel rip current flow speed V and shore-break wave energy Esb. These models were applied to La Lette Blanche, a high-energy meso-macro-tidal beach in southwest France, where both hazards coexist. Lifeguard-perceived hazard data collected hourly from July to August 2022 during patrol hours (11 AM–7 PM) were used to calibrate the models. This data also informed a 5-level hazard scale, from 0 (no hazard) to 4 (maximum hazard). The models accurately predict hazard levels, accounting for tidal and wave influences. Requiring only basic beach morphology metrics, this approach offers a promising tool for forecasting surf-zone hazards on beaches with minimal morphological data and available wave forecasts.
(08/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UR ETTIS, INRAE, UR EABX, INRAE
Contamination des sols français par les résidus de pesticides
La contamination de l’environnement par les résidus de pesticides est une préoccupation croissante par les acteurs publics au vu de leur omniprésence dans tous les milieux et leurs impacts directs et indirects sur la biodiversité et la santé humaine. Cependant, les études traitant de la contamination des sols par les résidus de pesticides sont très peu nombreuses, témoignant du manque de connaissance sur l’état de la contamination des sols et les impacts potentiels sur la biodiversité. Le projet Phytosol, financé entre 2018 et 2022 par l’Anses et coordonné par INRAE a permis d’acquérir des données inédites de 111 substances sur 47 sols prélevés dans le cadre du Réseau de mesures de la qualité des sols (RMQS). Les résultats de cette étude, détaillés dans le rapport suivant et publiés en 2023 dans la revue Environmental Science Technology, démontrent ainsi que 98% des sols prélevés contiennent au moins un résidu de pesticides, y compris des sites sans traitements phytosanitaires tels que les prairies permanentes, les sols forestiers ou encore des sols de parcelles en agriculture biologique. L’évaluation des risques indique également un risque modéré à fort pour les vers de terre notamment dans les sols de grandes cultures. Enfin, la confrontation avec les applications de produits phytosanitaires a mis en évidence la présence de certaines substances bien au-delà de leur temps de dégradation théorique et à des concentrations supérieures à celles attendues. Le déroulement de l’étude (mise en place, méthodologie) ainsi que les résultats détaillés sont présentés dans ce rapport.
(08/04/2026)
Info&Sols, INRAE, LPTC, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Modification des régimes de sédimentation en rade de Brest en réponse aux pressions climatiques et humaines
(08/04/2026)
LUSAC, UNICAEN, NU, INTECHMER, Cnam, GEO-OCEAN, UBS, IFREMER, INSU - CNRS, UBO EPE, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, SHOM, LEMAR, IRD, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS
Quantitative measurement of benthic foraminifera sediment reworking using a three-dimensional sensor
Despite their worldwide distribution and very high densities, the contribution of benthic meiofaunal species to sediment reworking has largely been neglected in bioturbation research. This is partly due to the challenge in obtaining reliable measurements of these minute size organisms. So far, only a handful of studies have investigated the influence of these microbioturbators on particle transport processes at the sediment surface. These studies most often used the surface image analysis (SIA) method, which indirectly estimates surface sediment reworking rate (SSRR) by tracking the position of individuals at the sediment surface over time. Here, focusing on benthic foraminifera, we demonstrate that successive assessments of sediment microtopography mapping using a three-dimensional (3D) sensor can provide direct and accurate quantifications of meiofaunal SSRR, with high spatial and temporal resolutions. This new method is thus particularly suitable to investigating the as-yet-unknown influence of the meiobenthic fauna, such as foraminifera, on particle transport at the sediment–water interface and more generally on the functioning of benthic soft-bottom ecosystems.
(Journal of Micropalaeontology. vol. 44, n° 0262-821X, pp. 401-413, 08/04/2026)
LOG, INSU - CNRS, ULCO, CNRS, IRD [Ile-de-France], EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Hourly valve opening data of oysters Ostrea edulis measured during a one-year semi-controlled experiment
This dataset shows the hourly valve behavioral data of the 32 oysters Ostrea edulis throughout the year of the experiment as well as the temperature recorded by each HFNI valvometer. The oyster valve behavior is characterized by 3 parameters: the Valve Opening Amplitude (VOA, the percentage of the valve opening relative to maximum opening), the Valve Opening Duration (VOD, the percentage of time that an oyster spends with its valves open), and the VOA/VOD. For each parameter, the data are presented for each oyster and as a group average for each condition. Missing data correspond to the death of oysters or the stopping of recording by a HFNI valvometer.
(08/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Hourly valve opening data of oysters Crassostrea gigas measured during a one-year semi-controlled experiment
This dataset shows the hourly valve behavioral data of the 32 oysters Crassostrea gigas throughout the year of the experiment as well as the temperature recorded by each HFNI valvometer. The oyster valve behavior is characterized by 3 parameters: the Valve Opening Amplitude (VOA, the percentage of the valve opening relative to maximum opening), the Valve Opening Duration (VOD, the percentage of time that an oyster spends with its valves open), and the VOA/VOD. For each parameter, the data are presented for each oyster and as a group average for each condition. Missing data correspond to the death of oysters or the stopping of recording by a HFNI valvometer.
(08/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS