Contamination des sols français par les résidus de pesticides
La contamination de l’environnement par les résidus de pesticides est une préoccupation croissante par les acteurs publics au vu de leur omniprésence dans tous les milieux et leurs impacts directs et indirects sur la biodiversité et la santé humaine. Cependant, les études traitant de la contamination des sols par les résidus de pesticides sont très peu nombreuses, témoignant du manque de connaissance sur l’état de la contamination des sols et les impacts potentiels sur la biodiversité. Le projet Phytosol, financé entre 2018 et 2022 par l’Anses et coordonné par INRAE a permis d’acquérir des données inédites de 111 substances sur 47 sols prélevés dans le cadre du Réseau de mesures de la qualité des sols (RMQS). Les résultats de cette étude, détaillés dans le rapport suivant et publiés en 2023 dans la revue Environmental Science Technology, démontrent ainsi que 98% des sols prélevés contiennent au moins un résidu de pesticides, y compris des sites sans traitements phytosanitaires tels que les prairies permanentes, les sols forestiers ou encore des sols de parcelles en agriculture biologique. L’évaluation des risques indique également un risque modéré à fort pour les vers de terre notamment dans les sols de grandes cultures. Enfin, la confrontation avec les applications de produits phytosanitaires a mis en évidence la présence de certaines substances bien au-delà de leur temps de dégradation théorique et à des concentrations supérieures à celles attendues. Le déroulement de l’étude (mise en place, méthodologie) ainsi que les résultats détaillés sont présentés dans ce rapport.
(21/02/2026)
Info&Sols, INRAE, LPTC, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Restauration de zones humides de tête de bassin versant - Programme de suivi des sites - Phytoremed/Restaur - Volet écotoxicologie - Rapport final
(pp. 39, 21/02/2026)
UR EABX, INRAE, RiverLy, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UB, CNRS, INRAE
Motorboat noise increases aggregation and alters gaping and filtration behaviors in the invasive quagga mussel
The response of invasive species to noise and how it can modulate their behavior and ecological impact have received scant attention. We conducted a two-phase laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of motorboat noise on the quagga mussel, Dreissena rostriformis bugensis. We first measured aggregation during a prolonged rearing phase under laboratory background noise supplemented or not with motorboat sounds. We then monitored valve gaping and estimated the filtration rate of mussels in the presence or absence of motorboat noise. Prolonged noise exposure increased aggregation and valve gaping. The relationship between valve gaping and filtration was significantly positive for control mussels and not significant for the mussels that experienced motorboat noise. Further research is needed to understand the physiological origins of the response to noise and the consequences on life-history traits and mussel-based ecosystem processes such as phytoplanktonic primary production, benthification and biofouling.
(Biological Invasions. vol. 27, n° 1387-3547, pp. 15, 21/02/2026)
CRNL-ENES, CRNL, UCBL, UJM, INSERM, CNRS, BVPAM, UJM, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ENES, UJM, CRNL, UCBL, UJM, INSERM, CNRS, CARRTEL, USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry], INRAE, Fédération OSUG, UJM FST, UJM, INSERM
Greenland climate records from ice core isotopes
Decades of ice core research have resulted in unique isotopic data documenting changes in Greenland temperature and ice sheet evolution over the last 130,000 years. We present here a brief overview of the ice core drilling history in Greenland, the progress in the development of deep ice cores chronologies and how Greenland ice cores can bring information on past climate variations from the Last Interglacial to the last millennium and present day, including rapid variations like Dansgaard-Oeschger events. The evolution of the Greenland ice sheet in relation with the global climate system is also investigated.
(. vol. Volume 3, pp. 276-287, 21/02/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Long-term impact of embryonic exposure to ethinylestradiol and clotrimazole on behavior and neuroplasticity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Estrogen receptors (ER) are widely expressed in the brain of many species and experimental results highlighted the role of estradiol in neuronal plasticity and behavior. Consequently, the brain is therefore a prime target for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interacting with estrogen signaling. Very little is known about the late effects of early disruption of estrogen signaling by EDCs. We focused on: ethinylestradiol (EE2; ER agonist) and clotrimazole (inhibitor of key steroidogenesis enzymes, including aromatases). Zebrafish eleutheroembryos were exposed (0-5 days) and then raised normally until adulthood. Several behavioral tests were performed in adults, then cell proliferation and dopaminergic neurons were quantified in several brain regions using immunostaining. Overall, a developmental exposure to EDCs stimulates cell proliferation in the dorsal telencephalon. At environmentally-relevant concentrations, male fish exposed to EE2 exhibited increased activity levels and decreased social behavior, posing a potential risk to population balance and health.
(Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. vol. 113, n° 1382-6689, pp. 104592, 21/02/2026)
UMR MARBEC, IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, UM, Irset, UA, UR, EHESP, INSERM, Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INERIS, SFR UMS CNRS 3480 - INSERM 018, UR, INSERM, CNRS, Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique, ImPACcell, Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique
Être ou ne pas être l'échinoderme Ophioderma longicaudum (Bruzelius, 1805) tel est le point à vérifier dans l'extrême nord de sa distribution atlantique
Un court historique critique est présenté sur la dénomination de l'échinoderme Ophioderma longicaudum (Bruzelius, 1805) récemment revu sur les estrans des îles d'Oléron et de Ré après plus de 150 ans sans mention dans les pertuis Charentais. Cette dénomination est un édifiant cas d'école des difficultés de la taxinomie, dans le cas d'un complexe d'espèces aujourd'hui quasi résolu, louvoyant entre usages historiques, strictes applications du code de nomenclature zoologique et aléas de la diffusion de l'information scientifique. L'état actuel des connaissances sur O. longicaudum, espèce Atlanto-Méditerranéenne en expansion vers le nord, s'appuie sur une approche intégrative alliant histoire des sciences, morphologie, biologie de la reproduction et génétique. En attente de validations génétiques, comme établies pour la baie d'Arcachon et la côte Basque, les nombreuses populations du Nord Gascogne jusqu'en Manche devraient être dénommées Ophioderma cf. longicaudum.
(Annales de la Société des Sciences naturelles de Charente-Maritime. vol. 11, n° 0373-9929, pp. 889-910, 21/02/2026)
LIENSs, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, SSNCM, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Observations Of Multidecadal Gravel Beach Dynamics From Space
Gravel barrier systems are ubiquitous on mid-and high-latitude coasts and provide vital protection from coastal flooding and coastal erosion. They are highly dynamic systems that exhibit complex responses to hydrodynamic forcing over a range of timescales (hourly-monthly-decadal-centennial). Their dynamics differ greatly from those of sandy beaches yet have received considerably less attention in the literature, particularly at interannual to decadal scales. We use over four decades of satellite-derived shoreline (SDS) data to explore the long-term dynamic of 45 selected gravel systems around the United Kingdom and Ireland. Unlike most large-scale studies, we apply an SDS extraction methodology specifically tailored to gravel beaches to derive the long-term shoreline trends along 1554 shore-normal transects across our sites. Our findings indicate a great variability in shoreline trends, ranging from -4.73 m/year to +10.5 m/year with the majority of transects (62%) remaining stable over the study period (1984 -2023). Overall, 22% of transects showed statistically significant positive trends and 14% negative trends, resulting in an overall +0.36 m/year mean shoreline trend. Large scale climatic forcing seems to have a stronger control on the evolution of gravel nesses with 29% and 26% of transects having an average correlation of -0.36 and -0.34 with North Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Oscillation respectively, while open beaches showed the weakest relationship with climate forcing. Importantly, climate forcing did not seem to be a key driver of change in the regions with the highest rates of progradation.
(21/02/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
The spread of Aoroides longimerus Ren & Zheng, 1996 across the Mediterranean and the Atlantic: genetic diversity, anthropogenic transport, and ecological implications
Accurate knowledge of the global distribution of non-indigenous species (NIS) is essential for understanding their invasion dynamics and for implementing timely management measures. This study reports the first records of the marine amphipod Aoroides longimerus, putatively native to the East Asian coast, in Italy (2018), Spain (2019) and Tunisia (2022) and provides the earliest documented record of the species in its introduced European range (Portugal, 2011). Furthermore, it expands the species' known distribution in mainland Portugal (including the northernmost record), Macaronesia (with first records in the Canary Islands and Madeira), and confirms its presence along the Atlantic coasts of France and the Netherlands. Aquaculture facilities, particularly those associated with oyster farming, are probably the primary vector of introduction, while recreational boating may have contributed significantly to secondary dispersal. In comparison to other exotic amphipods, A. longimerus remains absent from many marinas, ports and/or aquaculture facilities in the Mediterranean Sea and adjacent regions, such as the Red Sea. This suggests that the species may still be in the early stages of expansion, or that its dispersal ability across marinas and ports is more limited than that of other amphipods. The present study, however, highlights several key ecological traits of A. longimerus: (i) it can survive year-round despite seasonal fluctuations, and reach high local densities, (ii) it exhibits strong colonisation capacity, as shown by its rapid establishment on settlement plates, and (iii) it displays opportunistic feeding behaviour, primarily consuming detritus. These characteristics underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and effective communication with stakeholders to prevent further expansion of this species.
(Mediterranean Marine Science. vol. 26, n° 1108-393X, pp. 842 - 859, 21/02/2026)
M2C, UNICAEN, NU, INSU - CNRS, UNIROUEN, NU, CNRS, IUEM, IRD, INSU - CNRS, UBO EPE, CNRS, LEMAR, IRD, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, AD2M, CNRS, SBR, SU, CNRS, SBR, SU, CNRS, STAMAR, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, FR2424, SBR, SU, CNRS, UMR ISEM, Cirad, EPHE, PSL, CNRS, UM, ISYEB, MNHN, EPHE, PSL, SU, CNRS, UA
Three-dimensional numerical modeling of sediment transport in a highly turbid estuary with pronounced seasonal variations
Simulating sediment dynamics in a large and energetic estuary system remains challenging, primarily due to the spatial and temporal complexities of the interaction between flow and sediment transport, especially for sand-mud mixtures. This study uses a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model, based on the open TELEMAC system, to investigate the dynamics of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the Gironde Estuary, a complex estuarine environment characterized by an estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) and significant variations in river discharge. The main contributions of this study include addressing the challenges of coupling bed friction with sediment transport of the sand-mud mixture for feedback on bed roughness and bottom depth changes and the ability of the model to capture the migration of ETM from high to low flow. Additionally, the current study analyzes the ability of the model to capture the migration of ETM from high to low flow, and it utilizes a calibration strategy that minimizes parameters by using in situ data and encompassing hydroemorpho-sedimentary interactions. A sensitivity analysis was done using different settling velocity approaches and sediment classes to establish an optimal model configuration and the uncertainty associated with the reduced model parameterization is discussed. The model satisfactorily reproduces the hydrodynamic features, particularly when the hydro-sedimentary feedbacks are taken into account, the seasonal trend of SSC, springneap variations, and the development of a well-defined ETM. The selection of a specific formulation for the settling velocity influences the location and magnitude of ETM. The van Leussen formula not only predicts a broad movement of ETM from high to low river flow, but also predicts high turbidity for extended periods during low river flow. Conversely, two empirical formulas from Le Hir and Defontaine predicted the highest turbidity during neap tides but sediment losses during prolonged simulations. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of sediment dynamics in the Gironde Estuary, providing valuable information for future estuarine modeling and management.
(International Journal of Sediment Research. vol. 40, n° 1001-6279, pp. 333-347, 21/02/2026)
Cerema, M2C, UNICAEN, NU, INSU - CNRS, UNIROUEN, NU, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EDF R&D, EDF [E.D.F.], LHSV, ENPC, EDF R&D, EDF [E.D.F.]
Impacts of neonicotinoids on biodiversity: a critical review
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) and of their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Neonicotinoids are very frequently detected in soils and in freshwater, and they are also found in the air. They have only been recently monitored in coastal and marine environments, but some studies already reported the presence of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in transitional or semi-enclosed ecosystems (lagoons, bays and estuaries). The contamination of the environment leads to the exposure and to the contamination of non-target organisms, and to negative effects on biodiversity. Direct impacts of neonicotinoids are mainly reported on terrestrial invertebrates (e.g., pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms) and vertebrates (e.g., birds), and on aquatic invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Impacts on aquatic vertebrate populations and communities, as well as on microorganisms, are less documented. In addition to their toxicity to directly exposed organisms, neonicotinoid induce indirect effects via trophic cascades as demonstrated in several species (terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates). However, more data are needed to reach firmer conclusions and to get a clearer picture of such indirect effects. Finally, we identified specific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to better understand the effects of neonicotinoids on terrestrial, freshwater and marine organisms, as well as on ecosystem services associated with these biotas.
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 32, n° 0944-1344, pp. 2794–2829, 21/02/2026)
ECOSYS, INRAE, RiverLy, INRAE, IFREMER, UMR BAGAP, ESA, INRAE, Institut Agro, VAS, ICE, VAS, UCBL, LBBE, UCBL, VAS, CNRS, LBBE, UCBL, VAS, CNRS, LCE, CNRS, UFC, UBFC, DECOD, IFREMER, INRAE, Institut Agro, Institut Agro, OFB Service Santé Agri, OFB - DRAS, OFB, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UMR Eco&Sols, Cirad, IRD, INRAE, Institut Agro, UMR MARBEC, IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, UM, EMMAH, AU, INRAE, IMBE, AU, AMU, CNRS, UMay, URAFPA, UL, INRAE, UR HYCAR, INRAE, DEPE, INRAE