Fate of antibiotics from hospital and domestic sources in a sewage network
(Science of the Total Environment. vol. 575, n° 0048-9697, pp. 758-766, 01/01/2017)
METIS, EPHE, PSL, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, HCMUT, VNU-HCM, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Satellite radar altimetry water elevations performance over a 200 m wide river: Evaluation over the Garonne River
For at least 20 years, nadir altimetry satellite missions have been successfully used to first monitorthe surface elevation of oceans and,shortly after, oflargeriversand lakes . For the last 5-10years, few studies have demonstrated the possibility toalsoobserve smaller water bodies than previously thought feasible (river smaller than 500m wide and lake below 10 km2). The present study aims at quantifyingthe nadir altimetry performance over a medium river (200m or lower wide) with a pluvio-nivalregime in a temperate climate (the Garonne River, France). Three altimetry missions have been considered : ENVISAT (from 2002 to 2010), Jason-2 (from 2008 to 2014) and SARAL (from 2013 to 2014).
(Advances in Space Research. vol. 59, n° 0273-1177, pp. 128-146, 01/01/2017)
LEGOS, IRD, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNES, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CNES
Selective pressure of fishways upon morphological and muscle enzymatic traits of migrating glass eels
Fishways are built on obstacles to restore the connectivity between aquatic habitats. Our study investigated how species-specific fishways interact with interindividual trait differences among fish. We compared several groups of glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) climbing two types of fishways with those remaining below the water impoundments. We analyzed relative body condition factor, body length, mass, and in vitro activities and gene transcription levels of several enzymes involved in the energy metabolism (LDH, CS, CCO, PK). Differences among groups indicated that glass eel fish ladders can be size-specific, according to the type of substrate covering the surface of apparatus. Moreover, we found that climbing specific glass eel ladders can require higher endurance-related metabolic traits, triggering increased aerobic capacities. Increased aerobic efforts together with potential size selectivity of fishways should be taken into account when designing such devices and choosing appropriate location on eel migratory pathways.
(Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. vol. 74, n° 0706-652X, pp. 445-451, 27/04/2026)
UR EABX, IRSTEA, EDF [E.D.F.], EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Impact de 3 pesticides sur les acides gras de la diatomée d'eau douce Gomphonema gracile
Depuis plusieurs années, l'usage intensif de pesticides a causé de nombreux problèmes à l'environnement, faisant des pesticides des polluants majeurs des écosystèmes aquatiques (Aydinalp & Porca 2004). Parmi les indicateurs biologiques, les biomarqueurs doivent être développés en raison de leur capacité à révéler précocement des effets toxiques sur les organismes vivants. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer les spécificités/sensibilités des profils d'acides gras (composition en acides gras saturés, insaturés et polyinsaturés par chromatographie gazeuse couplée à un détecteur à ionisation de flamme) des diatomées en comparaison avec des descripteurs d'effet « classiques » (inhibition de la photosynthèse, croissance, analyses génétiques). Des cultures de la diatomée d'eau douce Gomphonema gracile sont soumises séparément à 3 pesticides ayant des cibles cellulaires différentes, à une concentration environnementale et une concentration plus élevée (diuron et Smétolachlore, C1= 1 µg/L et C2= 10 µg/L ; glyphosate, C1= 5 µg/L and C2= 50 µg/L). Les diatomées sont exposées durant leur phase de croissance exponentielle à une température et une intensité lumineuse respectivement de 17°C et 67 µmol.m-2.s-1. Après une semaine d'exposition, la composition des diatomées en acides gras est déterminée en parallèle des descripteurs « classiques ». Tandis que les effets des pesticides sur les descripteurs « classiques » sont pas ou peu sensibles, notamment aux plus faibles concentrations d'exposition, certains profils d'acides gras semblent être spécifiques à la nature de la contamination chimique. A l'heure actuelle des analyses approfondies des acides gras sont encore en cours. Finalement, cette étude fournit une base pour l'utilisation de la composition en acides gras des diatomées comme biomarqueur de la contamination toxique des eaux douces.
(pp. 18-18, 27/04/2026)
UR EABX, IRSTEA, INRA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
The climate of the Common Era off the Iberian Peninsula
The Mediterranean region is a climate hot spot, sensitive not only to global warming but also to water availability. In this work we document major temperature and precipitation changes in the Iberian Peninsula and margin during the last 2000 years and propose an interplay of the North Atlantic internal variability with the three atmospheric circulation modes (ACMs), (North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), east atlantic (EA) and Scandinavia (SCAND)) to explain the detected climate variability. We present reconstructions of sea surface temperature (SST derived from alkenones) and on-land precipitation (estimated from higher plant n-alkanes and pollen data) in sedimentary sequences recovered along the Iberian Margin between the south of Portugal (Algarve) and the northwest of Spain (Galiza) (36 to 42° N). A clear long-term cooling trend, from 0 CE to the beginning of the 20th century, emerges in all SST records and is considered to be a reflection of the decrease in the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation that began after the Holocene optimum. Multi-decadal/centennial SST variability follows other records from Spain, Europe and the Northern Hemisphere. Warm SSTs throughout the first 1300 years encompass the Roman period (RP), the Dark Ages (DA) and the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). A cooling initiated at 1300 CE leads to 4 centuries of colder SSTs contemporary with the Little Ice Age (LIA), while a climate warming at 1800 CE marks the beginning of the modern/Industrial Era. Novel results include two distinct phases in the MCA: an early period (900-1100 years) characterized by intense precipitation/flooding and warm winters but a cooler spring-fall season attributed to the interplay of internal oceanic variability with a positive phase in the three modes of atmospheric circulation (NAO, EA and SCAND). The late MCA is marked by cooler and relatively drier winters and a warmer spring-fall season consistent with a shift to a negative mode of the SCAND. The Industrial Era reveals a clear difference between the NW Iberia and the Algarve records. While off NW Iberia variability is low, the Algarve shows large-amplitude decadal variability with an inverse relationship between SST and river input. Such conditions suggest a shift in the EA mode, from negative between 1900 and 1970 CE to positive after 1970, while NAO and SCAND remain in a positive phase. The particularly noticeable rise in SST at the Algarve site by the mid-20th century (±1970), provides evidence for a regional response to the ongoing climate warming. The reported findings have implications for decadal-scale predictions of future climate change in the Iberian Peninsula.
(Climate of the Past. vol. 13, n° 1814-9324, pp. 1901-1918, 27/04/2026)
IFREMER, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Impact of explosive volcanic eruptions on the main climate variability modes
(Global and Planetary Change. vol. 150, n° 0921-8181, pp. 24 - 45, 27/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CEP, UNIBE, OCCR, UNIBE, PARVATI, LOCEAN, IPSL, ENS-PSL, UVSQ, UPMC, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UOR, BSC-CNS, CERFACS
Changes in Holocene meridional circulation and poleward Atlantic flow: the Bay of Biscay as a nodal point
This paper documents the last 10 ka evolution of one of the key parameters of climate: sea-surface temperatures (SST) in the subpolar North Atlantic. We focus on the southern Bay of Biscay, a highly sensitive oceanographic area because of its strategic and nodal position regarding the dynamics of the North Atlantic subpolar and subtropical gyres. This site furthermore offers unique sedimentary environments characterized by exceptional accumulation rates, enabling the study of Holocene archives at (infra)centennial scales. Our results mainly derive from planktonic foraminiferal association analysis on two cores from the southern Landes plateau. These associations were used as quantitative tools (thanks to the Modern Analog Technique) to track past hydrographical changes. SST reconstructions were thus obtained at an unprecedented resolution and compared to a compilation of Holocene records from the northern North Atlantic. From this regional perspective are shown fundamental timing differences between the gyre dynamics, nuancing classical views of a simple meridional overturning cell.
(Climate of the Past. vol. 13, n° 1814-9324, pp. 201-216, 27/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, GEOPS, UP11, CNRS, LPG-ANGERS, LPG, UA, UN UFR ST, UN, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA
The ACER pollen and charcoal database: a global resource to document vegetation and fire response to abrupt climate changes during the last glacial period
Quaternary records provide an opportunity to examine the nature of the vegetation and fire responses to rapid past climate changes comparable in velocity and magnitude to those expected in the 21st century. The best documented examples of rapid climate change in the past are the warming events associated with the Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles during the last glacial period, which were sufficiently large to have had a potential feedback through changes in albedo and greenhouse gas emissions on climate. Previous reconstructions of vegetation and fire changes during the D-O cycles used independently constructed age models, making it difficult to compare the changes between different sites and regions. Here we present the ACER (Abrupt Climate Changes and Environmental Responses) global database which includes 93 pollen records from the last glacial period (73–15 ka) with a temporal resolution better than 1,000 years, 32 of which also provide charcoal records. A harmonized and consistent chronology based on radiometric dating (14C, 234U/230Th, OSL, 40Ar/39Ar dated tephra layers) has been constructed for 86 of these records, although in some cases additional information was derived using common control points based on event stratigraphy. The ACER database compiles metadata including geospatial and dating information, pollen and charcoal counts and pollen percentages of the characteristic biomes, and is archived in Microsoft AccessTM at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.870867.
(Earth System Science Data. vol. 9, n° 1866-3508, pp. 679 - 695, 27/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, PACEA, UB, CNRS, PALEOCEAN, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, UOW, CEREGE, IRD, INRA, AMU, CdF (institution), INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IPHES-CERCA, UMR ISEM, Cirad, EPHE, PSL, UM, CNRS, UNIROMA, IRD/CNPQ, USP, BTP, LOCEAN, IPSL, ENS-PSL, UVSQ, UPMC, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, SBiK-F, LG / WGL, UNIMIB, NMK, MPIPZ, VU
Signification environnementale de guano de salanganes et de chiroptères de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Premiers résultats
L'intérêt est grandissant pour le potentiel présenté par les acccumulations cavernicoles de guano de chauves-souris et d'oiseaux en tant qu'enregistrements stratigraphiques continentaux, complémentaires voire alternatifs aux archives étudiées générale-ment (sédiments lacustres, palustres, tourbeux, etc.). Ces dépôts permettent des reconstructions de la variabilité climatique à haute résolution pour des échelles de temps récentes à plus anciennes, grâce à la calibration de nouveaux proxies susceptibles d'enregistrer ces variations. Ainsi la comparaison du contenu pollinique et des traceurs isotopiques δ13 C et δD des n-alcanes du guano de différents animaux insectivores, les salanganes diurnes (Collocalia spodiopygia) et les chiroptères nocturnes (Micropterus robustior) cohabitant dans de nombreuses grottes de Nouvelle-Calédonie, met en évidence une grande variabilité. Celle-ci est à l'image des cibles de nourrissage des proies appétées et de leur interaction avec les composantes de l'écosystème, en particulier les plantes. La grande richesse du contenu pollinique observée dans les deux types de guano, bien que présentant 50 % de taxons communs, souligne des aires de nourrissage préférentielles. Elle montre aussi des fluctuations interannuelles, marqueurs probables de changements environnementaux, sinon climatiques. Cet article présente des premiers résultats obtenus sur le sondage HAK1 prélévé dans un amas de guano de salanganes de la grotte Hama sur l'île de Lifou, l'une des îles Loyautés. La comparaison entre les données de géochimie isotopique moléculaire (isotopes du carbone δ13C et de l'hydrogène δD du n-alcane C29) et les données pluviométriques met en évidence une bonne covariation interprétée comme marqueur du signal climatique ENSO contemporain des dépôts de guano analysés. Ce travail préliminaire confirme le fort potentiel des amas de guano cavernicoles pour étudier à haute résolution les changements paléo-environnementaux.
(Quaternaire. vol. 28, n° 1142-2904, pp. 401-412, 27/04/2026)
BTP, LOCEAN, IPSL, ENS-PSL, UVSQ, UPMC, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IAC
Sub-Antartic glacier extensions in the Kerguelen region (49° S, Indian Ocean) over the past 24 000 years constrained by 36Cl moraine dating
Similar to many other regions in the world, glaciers in the southern sub-polar regions are currently retreating. In the Kerguelen islands (49°S, 69°E), the mass balance of the Cook Ice Cap (CIC), the largest ice cap in this region, experienced dramatic shrinking between 1960 and 2013 with retreat rates among the highest in the world. This observation needs to be evaluated in a long-term context. However, data on the past glacier extents are sparse in the sub-Antartic regions. To investigate the deglaciation pattern since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period, we present the first 13 cosmogenic 36Cl surface exposure ages from four sites in the Kerguelen Islands. The 36Cl ages from erratic and moraine boulders span form 24.4 ± 2.7 ka to 0.3 ± 0.1 ka. We combined these ages with existing glacio-marine radiocarbon ages and bathymetric data to document the temporal and spatial changes of the island's glacial history. Ice began to retreat on the main island before 24.4±2.7 ka until around the time of the Antartic Cold Reversal (ACR) period (-14.5-12.9ka), during which the Bontemps moraine was formed by the advance of a CIC outlet glacier. Deglaciation continued during the Holocene probably until 3ka with evidence of minor advances during the last millennium. The chronology is in pace with major changes in ᵟ18O in a recent West Antarctica ice core record, showing thet Kerguelen Islands glciers are particularly sensitive and relevant to document climate change in the southern polar regions.
(Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 162, n° 0277-3791, pp. 128-144, 27/04/2026)
LGP, UP1, UPEC UP12, CNRS, CEREGE, IRD, INRA, AMU, CdF (institution), INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ISTO, BRGM, INSU - CNRS, UO, CNRS, GEODE, UT2J, Comue de Toulouse, CNRS, ISTO, BRGM, INSU - CNRS, UO, CNRS, IGE, IRD, Grenoble INP, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UGA [2016-2019], Fédération OSUG, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, PALEOCEAN, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IPEV, M.E.N.E.S.R.