Flash Rip Statistics from Video Images
(Journal of Coastal Research. vol. 81, n° 0749-0208, pp. 100-106, 03/09/2018)
LGO, UBS, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ECOLA, LEGOS, IRD, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNES, CNRS
Controls on Flash Rip Current Hazard on Low-Tide Terraced Tropical Beaches in West Africa
(Journal of Coastal Research. vol. 81, n° 0749-0208, pp. 92, 03/09/2018)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LGO, UBS, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS
Use of Specific Primary and Secondary Organic Markers for PM Source Apportionment Based on Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)
(02/09/2018)
LCME, USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry], LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INERIS
Assessment of the toxicity and the fertilizing power from application of gamma irradiated anaerobic sludge as fertilizer: Effect on Vicia faba growth
With increasing sludge produced every day by wastewater treatment plants, new methodologies have been developed to reduce sludge or to valorize them at lower cost and energy. Among these methodologies, agricultural manuring is of great interest as sludge could complement or replace chemical fertilizers. However, sludge pretreatment was necessary prior to its use in order to eliminate the degradable organic contaminants, heavy metals and diverse pathogenic microorganisms. In this study we performed γ-irradiation of anaerobic sludge coming from wastewater treatment plants at different doses (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 kGy), followed by anaerobic digestion. We then used them in addition to soil for Vicia faba cultures. Heavy metal concentrations, toxicological evaluations, and the number of cultivable pathogenic bacteria were also investigated in irradiated and non-irradiated sludge samples to determine the effect of γ-irradiation on toxicity and pathogens present in the sludge. Results show that 4.5 kGy is the optimal dose, and γ-irradiation pretreatment of anaerobic sludge added to soil (2 mL/30 g) has significantly improved Vicia faba growth. Furthermore, by eliminating pathogens and by degrading chemical pollutants, γ-irradiation of anaerobic sludge provides promising insights for re-using sludge as a safe fertilizer.
(Radiation Physics and Chemistry. vol. 150, n° 0969-806X, pp. 163-168, 01/09/2018)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
The impacts of oceanic deep temperature perturbations in the North Atlantic on decadal climate variability and predictability
Decadal climate predictability in the North Atlantic is largely related to ocean low frequency variability, whose sensitivity to initial conditions is not very well understood. Recently, three-dimensional oceanic temperature anomalies optimally perturbing the North Atlantic Mean Temperature (NAMT) have been computed via an optimization procedure using a linear adjoint to a realistic ocean general circulation model. The spatial pattern of the identified perturbations, localized in the North Atlantic, has the largest magnitude between 1000 and 4000 m depth. In the present study, the impacts of these perturbations on NAMT, on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), and on climate in general are investigated in a global coupled model that uses the same ocean model as was used to compute the three-dimensional optimal perturbations. In the coupled model, these perturbations induce AMOC and NAMT anomalies peaking after 5 and 10 years, respectively, generally consistent with the ocean-only linear predictions. To further understand their impact, their magnitude was varied in a broad range. For initial perturbations with a magnitude comparable to the internal variability of the coupled model, the model response exhibits a strong signature in sea surface temperature and precipitation over North America and the Sahel region. The existence and impacts of these ocean perturbations have important implications for decadal prediction: they can be seen either as a source of predictability or uncertainty, depending on whether the current observing system can detect them or not. In fact, comparing the magnitude of the imposed perturbations with the uncertainty of available ocean observations such as Argo data or ocean state estimates suggests that only the largest perturbations used in this study could be detectable. This highlights the importance for decadal climate prediction of accurate ocean density initialisation in the North Atlantic at intermediate and greater depths.
(Climate Dynamics. vol. 51, n° 0930-7575, pp. 2341 - 2357, 01/09/2018)
PARVATI, LOCEAN, IPSL, ENS-PSL, UVSQ, UPMC, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, NOC, NOC, LOCEAN-VARCLIM, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, IP Paris, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Evaluation of psychiatric hospital wastewater toxicity: what is its impact on aquatic organisms?
The primary source of pharmaceuticals to the aquatic environment is the discharge of wastewater effluents. Pharmaceuticals are a large and diverse group of compounds. Among them, psychotropic substances are particularly interesting to study due to their specific known mode of action. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of wastewater effluents from a psychiatric hospital wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on several aquatic organisms. All the analyzed pharmaceuticals (10 compounds) were detected in WWTP effluents as well as in the receiving river. Although the environmental concentrations were generally at trace levels (ng L-1 to μg L-1), induce toxic effects were observed. This study showed the effects of the WWTP effluents on the oogenesis and/or embryogenesis of amphipod crustacean Gammarus fossarum, Japanese fish medaka Oryzias latipes, mollusk Radix peregra, and planarian Schmidtea polychroa. A decrease of the number of oocytes and produced embryos was observed for G. fossarum and S. polychroa. Similarly, the hatching rate of R. peregra was affected by effluents. In the receiving river, the macroinvertebrate community was affected by the wastewater effluents discharge.
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 25, n° 0944-1344, pp. 26090-26102, 01/09/2018)
BTSB, INUC, Comue de Toulouse, LPTC, UB, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UR MALY, IRSTEA, UNS, CHU Nice, UniCA, LCE, CNRS, UFC, UBFC, GEODE, UT2J, Comue de Toulouse, CNRS
Experimental calibration of manganese incorporation in foraminiferal calcite
(Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. vol. 237, n° 0016-7037, pp. 49-64, 01/09/2018)
BIAF, UA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LPG-ANGERS, LPG, UA, UN UFR ST, UN, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LPG, UA, UN UFR ST, UN, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Can pesticides, copper and seasonal water temperature explain the seagrass Zostera noltei decline in the Arcachon bay?
(Marine Pollution Bulletin. vol. 134, n° 0025-326X, pp. 66-74, 01/09/2018)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LERAR, COAST, IFREMER, PSL, LPTC, UB, CNRS
Genesis and growth of a carbonate Holocene wedge on the northern Little Bahama Bank
The study focuses on the sedimentary dynamics at the transition between the modern Bahamas carbonate platform and related adjacent slopes and deeper environments. A Holocene carbonate sedimentary wedge is developed at the edge of the carbonate platform extending along the northern Little Bahamas Bank (LBB; Bahamas). The transition area between the platform and the wedge shows superposed terraces. The Holocene wedge thickness varies from 0 to 35 m. Its surface is dominated by homogeneous, fine-grained, soft sediments. It lies on a Pleistocene substratum and fills depressions corresponding to lowstand erosional surfaces. On the uppermost slope, this wedge represents the main depocenter of fine-grained bank-derived sediments since the last bank flooding.Twelve gravity cores were sampled from this wedge and allow the identification of both the processes that can supply this wedge and the wedge evolution based on content analyses and 19 radiocarbon ages.At present, particle export from the LBB margins mostly occurs during episodes of winter cold fronts but also occurs during hurricanes. Evidence of hurricane impact in the sedimentary record is suggested by the recovery of two laminated sequences showing both decreasing sedimentation rates and varying velocities during platform export. The local morphology of the platform edge allows the better sorting and export of sediments according to the presence of tidal outlets and sediment sorting on the wedge. However, because no ooids from tidal deltas located on the platform edge were found in cores, tidal currents are probably not energetic enough to both mobilize and export sediment, even if tide–induced currents may help the export of fine-grained carbonate particles remobilized by either cold fronts or hurricanes on the platform and upper slope.The formation of the wedge started at 13.6 ± 3.5 kyr cal BP following the meltwater pulse 1 A. It was supplied by shallow environment-derived particles produced on four narrow terraces between 60 and 20 mbsl after meltwater pulses. Since the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum), terrace formation seems to correspond to periods of sea-level stillstands and wedge formation, whilst escarpments correspond to periods of high rates of rising sea-level due to meltwater pulses. The main period of wedge growth started around 6.5 ± 0.9 kyr cal BP, when sea level finally reached the platform margins. The maximum flooding period around 4 kyr cal BP is characterized by the highest contents of aragonite needles exported from the platform.
(Marine and Petroleum Geology. vol. 96, n° 0264-8172, pp. 602-614, 01/09/2018)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CSTJF, [Total Energies. Anciennement : Total, TotalFina, TotalFinaElf], CEREGE, IRD, INRA, AMU, CdF (institution), INSU - CNRS, CNRS
A 2000-year record of ocean influence on Jakobshavn Isbræ calving activity, based on marine sediment cores
(The Holocene. vol. 28, n° 0959-6836, pp. 1731-1744, 30/08/2018)
GEUS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS