Interactive effects of contamination and trematode infection in cockles biochemical performance
Anthropogenic activities, especially those involving substances that pollute the environment can interfere with bivalve populations, as well as parasitism, a fundamental ecological interaction often neglected. In marine environments, organisms are concomitantly exposed to pollutants and parasites, a combination with synergistic, antagonistic or additive effects representing a potential threat to aquatic communities sustainability. In the present study, Cerastoderma edule (the edible cockle)–Himasthla elongata (trematode) was used as host–parasite model. Cockles are worldwide recognized as good sentinel and bioindicator species and can be infected by several trematodes, the most abundant macroparasites in coastal waters. Tested hypotheses were: 1) cockles exposed to increasing parasite pressure will present greater stress response; 2) cockles exposure to arsenic (single concentration test: 5.2 μg L−1) will change parasite infection success and cockles stress response to infection. Arsenic was used for being one of the most common pollutants in the world and stress response assessed using biochemical markers of glycogen content, metabolism, antioxidant activity and cellular damage. Results showed that intensity of parasite pressure was positively correlated to biochemical response, mainly represented by higher metabolic requirements. Contamination did not affect parasite infection success. Compared to arsenic, trematode infection alone exerted a stronger impact: higher glycogen storage, metabolism and cellular damage and antioxidant activity inhibition. In interaction, parasitism and arsenic reduced hosts metabolism and cellular damage. Therefore, to a certain extent and in a contamination scenario, cockles may benefit from trematode infection, working as a protection for the pollutant accumulation in the organisms, reducing overall ROS production, which can consequently led to less toxic effects. These findings highlighted the deleterious effects of trematode infection in their hosts and showed the importance of including parasitology in ecotoxicological studies.
(Environmental Pollution. vol. 243, n° 0269-7491, pp. 1469-1478, 01/12/2018)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Protocoles de suivi stationnel des herbiers à zostères pour la Directive Cadre sur l'Eau (DCE) Zostera marina - Zostera noltei
(pp. 42 pages + annexes, 01/12/2018)
LERAR, COAST, IFREMER, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LEMAR, IRD, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS, PatriNat, MNHN, CNRS, AFB, LERBN, COAST, IFREMER, LIENSs, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS
Gold nanoparticle trophic transfer from natural biofilm to grazer fish
Nanoparticle (NP) trophic transfer is reported as an important exposure route for organisms in aquatic ecosystems. This study focused on gold nanoparticle (AuNP, PEG-coated, 10 nm diameter) transfer using an experimental benthic food chain which included two trophic levels: natural river biofilm and grazer fish Hypostomus plecostomus. AuNP biofilm accumulation was assessed via water AuNP concentrations and total biofilm mass. An extended range of six AuNP concentrations in water (0, 0.0048, 0.048, 0.48, 4.8, and 48 mg Au L−1) was set. A dose-dependent relation between gold concentrations in water and natural river biofilm was observed after a 48-h exposure. This pointed out the high propensity of natural biofilms to accumulate gold. Additionally, total biofilm mass appeared to influence AuNP accumulation at the highest exposure levels. This first step enables the set-up of the transfer experiment in which grazer fish were exposed for 21 days to natural biofilms, previously contaminated by low AuNP concentrations in water (NP0.1: 0.48 and NP1: 4.8 mg Au L−1). Gold was quantified in eight fish organs, and histology was observed. Gold was transferred from biofilms to fish; bioaccumulation was organ- and exposure level-dependent. Interestingly, the brain showed significant gold accumulation at the highest exposure level (NP1). Histological observations indicated distinct inflammatory responses in fish liver, spleen, and muscle. The overall results suggest the potential hazards of subchronic nanoparticle exposure in aquatic organisms.
(Gold Bulletin : The journal of gold science, technology and applications. vol. 51, n° 2364-821X, pp. 163-173, 01/12/2018)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ICMCB, UB, INC-CNRS, CNRS, BIC, UB, INSERM, CNRS, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, IRSN
Late Holocene record from a Loire River incised paleovalley (French inner continental shelf): Insights into regional and global forcing factors
(Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. vol. 511, n° 0031-0182, pp. 12-28, 01/12/2018)
LPG-ANGERS, LPG, UA, UN UFR ST, UN, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LPG, UA, UN UFR ST, UN, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LETG, UNICAEN, NU, UA, EPHE, PSL, UBO EPE, UR2, CNRS, IGARUN, UN, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Distribution of living benthic foraminifera in the northern Chukchi Sea
(arktos. vol. 4, n° 2364-9453, 01/12/2018)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, NIOZ
Dinoflagellate fossils: Geological and biological applications
(Revue de Micropaléontologie. vol. 61, n° 0035-1598, pp. 235-254, 01/12/2018)
LGO, UBS, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS, CR2P, MNHN, SU, CNRS, LPPP, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DYNECO, IFREMER, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LERBN, COAST, IFREMER
Timing des variations du courant circum-Antarctique (ACC) dans le secteur Kerguelen pendant la dernière déglaciation
(29/11/2018)
LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, CLIMAG, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, PALEOCEAN, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, LOG, INSU - CNRS, ULCO, CNRS, IRD [Ile-de-France], EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UNIL
How does the bopyrid isopod Gyge branchialis interfere with trace metal bioaccumulation in the mud shrimp Upogebia cf. pusilla?
Parasites are widespread in natural environments, and their impacts on the fitness of their host and, at a broader scale, on ecosystem functioning are well recognized. Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the effects of parasites in conjunction with other stressors, especially pollutants, on the health of organisms. For instance, parasites can interfere with the bioaccumulation process of contaminants in their host leading to parasitized organisms exhibiting lower pollutants burdens than unparasitized individuals for example. However, the mechanisms underlying these patterns are not well understood. This study examined how the bopyrid parasite Gyge branchialis could lower the cadmium (Cd) uptake of its mud shrimp host Upogebia cf. pusilla. When exposed to water-borne Cd, parasites were able to bioaccumulate this trace metal. However, the uptake of Cd by the parasite was low and cannot entirely explain the deficit of Cd contamination of the host. The weight of gills of parasitized organisms was significantly reduced compared with unparasitized organisms. We suggest that by reducing the surface for metal uptake, parasites could lower the contaminant burden of their host.
(Parasitology Research. vol. 118, n° 0932-0113, pp. 363-367, 21/11/2018)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Exposure to microplastic: ingestion/egestion rates and behavioural impact on Solea solea
Microplastic (MP) occurrence is ubiquitous in fresh and marine waters and species living inEstuary are particularly exposed to this kind of pollution. In this context, the Seine River isinteresting for investigating the impacts of MP on fish, because of intense and numerous humanactivities through its watershed. The goal of this study is to evaluate the fate and impact of MPingestion using experimental exposure of the common sole, Solea solea, a representative species ofthe Seine Estuary. Larvae of fish (from 7 days post hatch (dph) to 42 dph) were exposed during 2hours to MP particles before (7 dph), during (21 and 22 dph) and after metamorphosis (41 and 42dph). Three types of industrial MP were chosen with different properties (middle size floating (27-35μg mL-1, DC: 50 ng mL-1). Post-exposurem, d=0.99), middle size sinking (27-32μg mL-1, DC: 50 ng mL-1). Post-exposurem, d=1.20) and large size sinking (63- 75μg mL-1, DC: 50 ng mL-1). Post-exposurem, d=1.20).In addition, at the last stage, fish were also exposed to natural plastic particles collected in the SeineRiver and ground into a fraction with a size less than 100 μg mL-1, DC: 50 ng mL-1). Post-exposurem (PVC, PE, PET, PS and PP testedseparately). After exposure, fish which had ingested MP were counted (Figure 1) and isolated tomonitor egestion. Solea solea ingested all types of plastics in variable (1 to more than 100)quantities and egested them on average less than 24 hours after exposure at all stages. A behaviouralchallenge, was performed on MP contaminated larvae. Behavioral responses of fish did not seem tobe affected by MP exposures before metamorphosis compared to controls but distance moveddecreased during metamorphosis for fish that had ingested MP particles. This could be explained bythe fact that before metamorphosis fish can still use yolk energy reserve and are thus less affected byMP than later on when external feeding becomes mandatory.
(pp. 359, 19/11/2018)
LRHLR, HGS, IFREMER, UB, BTSB, INUC, Comue de Toulouse, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UMR MARBEC, IRD, IFREMER, UM, CNRS
Contamination of marine sediments by microplastics and adsorbed organochlorine pollution (chlordecone) in coral reefs of Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles)
(05/11/2018)
BOREA, UNICAEN, NU, MNHN, IRD, SU, CNRS, UA, LPTC, UB, CNRS, DYNECAR EA 926, UAG, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ISM, UB, INC-CNRS, CNRS