Chronic feeding exposure to virgin and spiked microplastics disrupts essential biological functions in teleost fish
Toxicity of polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics (MPs), either virgin or spiked with chemicals, was evaluated in two short-lived fish using a freshwater species, zebrafish, and a marine species, marine medaka. Exposures were performed through diet using environmentally relevant concentrations of MPs over 4 months. No modification of classical biomarkers, lipid peroxidation, genotoxicity or F0 behaviour was observed. A significant decrease in growth was reported after at least two months of exposure. This decrease was similar between species, independent from the type of MPs polymer and the presence or not of spiked chemicals, but was much stronger in females. The reproduction was evaluated and it revealed a significant decrease in the reproductive output for both species and in far more serious numbers in medaka. PVC appeared more reprotoxic than PE as were MPs spiked with PFOS and benzophenone-3 compared to MPs spiked with benzo[a]pyrene. Further, PVC-benzophenone-3 produced behavioural disruption in offspring larvae. These results obtained with two species representing different aquatic environments suggest that microplastics exert toxic effects, slightly different according to polymers and the presence or not of sorbed chemicals, which may lead in all cases to serious ecological disruptions.
(Journal of Hazardous Materials. vol. 415, n° 0304-3894, pp. 125626, 11/03/2021)
NEOLAiA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LSEA MARBEC, UMR MARBEC, IRD, IFREMER, UM, CNRS, MDH, UB, UMR MARBEC, IRD, IFREMER, UM, CNRS, GABI, INRAE
High-Sensitivity Permeation Analysis of Ultrasmall Nanoparticles Across the Skin by Positron Emission Tomography
Ultrasmall nanoparticles (US-NPs; <20 nm in hydrodynamic size) are now included in a variety of pharmacological and cosmetic products, and new technologies are needed to detect at high sensitivity the passage of small doses of these products across biological barriers such as the skin. In this work, a diffusion cell adapted to positron emission tomography (PET), a highly sensitive imaging technology, was developed to measure the passage of gold NPs (AuNPs) in skin samples in continuous mode. US-AuNPs (3.2 nm diam.; TEM) were functionalized with deferoxamine (DFO) and radiolabeled with 89Zr(IV) (half-life: 3.3 days, matching the timeline of diffusion tests). The physicochemical properties of the functionalized US-AuNPs (US-AuNPs-PEG-DFO) were characterized by FTIR (DFO grafting; hydroxamate peaks: 1629.0 cm–1, 1569.0 cm–1), XPS (presence of the O═C–N C 1s peak of DFO at 287.49 eV), and TGA (organic mass fraction). The passage of US-AuNPs-PEG-DFO-89Zr(IV) in skin samples was measured by PET, and the diffusion parameters were extracted thereby. The signals of radioactive US-AuNPs-PEG-DFO-89Zr(IV) leaving the donor compartment, passing through the skin, and entering the acceptor compartment were detected in continuous at concentrations as low as 2.2 nM of Au. The high-sensitivity acquisitions performed in continuous allowed for the first time to extract the lag time to the start of permeation, the lag time to start of the steady state, the diffusion coefficients, and the influx data for AuNPs permeating into the skin. PET could represent a highly valuable tool for the development of nanoparticle-containing topical formulations of drugs and cosmetics.
(Bioconjugate Chemistry. vol. 32, n° 1043-1802, pp. 729-745, 10/03/2021)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Corrigendum: Invasive Aquatic Plants as Ecosystem Engineers in an Oligo-Mesotrophic Shallow Lake
(Frontiers in Plant Science. vol. 12, n° 1664-462X, 08/03/2021)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Environments, climates and technological changes in Late Middle Palaeolithic in southwestern France
(08/03/2021)
IRAMAT-CRP2A, IRAMAT, UTBM, UO, UBM, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, LMJL, UN UFR ST, UN, CNRS
Chemical characterization of water extractable organic matter from plants: A better understanding of soil dissolved organic matter sources and path in permafrost thawing regions
(04/03/2021)
METIS, EPHE, PSL, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, UCLouvain, iEES Paris, IRD, SU, UPEC UP12, CNRS, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Environmental Fate Modeling of Nanoplastics in a Salinity Gradient Using a Lab-on-a-Chip: Where Does the Nanoscale Fraction of Plastic Debris Accumulate?
The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the flow and diffusion of nanoplastics through a salinity gradient (SG), as observed in mangrove swamps (MSPs), influence their aggregation pathways. These two parameters have never yet been used to evaluate the fate and behavior of colloids in the environment, since they cannot be incorporated into classical experimental setups. Land-sea continuums, such as estuaries and MSP systems, are known to be environmentally reactive interfaces that influence the colloidal distribution of pollutants. Using a microfluidic approach to reproduce the SG and its dynamics, the results show that nanoplastics arriving in a MSP are fractionated. First, a substantial fraction rapidly aggregates to reach the microscale, principally governed by an orthokinetic aggregation process and diffusiophoresis drift. These large nanoplastic aggregates eventually float near the water's surface or settle into the sediment at the bottom of the MSP, depending on their density. The second, smaller fraction remains stable and is transported toward the saline environment. This distribution results from the combined action of the spatial salt concentration gradient and orthokinetic aggregation, which is largely underestimated in the literature. Due to nanoplastics' reactive behavior, the present work demonstrates that mangrove and estuarine systems need to be better examined regarding plastic pollution.
(Environmental Science and Technology. vol. 55, n° 0013-936X, pp. 3001-3008, 02/03/2021)
GR, UR, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IPR, UR, CNRS, UAG, UPMC, UNS, CNRS, IPREM, UPPA, INC-CNRS, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ULaval, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Muted cooling and drying of NW Mediterranean in response to the strongest last glacial North American ice surges
Abstract The massive North Atlantic iceberg discharges of the last glacial period, the so-called Heinrich events (HE), resulted in atmospheric and oceanic responses of the Mediterranean region that remain poorly documented and understood. This paper focuses on the climatic phases termed Heinrich stadials (HS) 4 and 5 generated by the HE 4 and 5 that occurred during a period of similar intermediate global ice volume and greenhouse gas concentrations but with different iceberg discharges and orbital boundary conditions. Our comparison of sea surface temperature and salinity changes with deep water conditions in the Gulf of Lions (planktonic and benthic foraminifera δ18O and δ13C records) and regional pollen-based temperature and precipitation reconstructions in NW Mediterranean for these Heinrich stadials reveal a paradoxical situation. A lower North American iceberg discharge during HS 5 compared to HS 4 is associated with colder and drier conditions in the NW Mediterranean borderlands. During the moderate iceberg discharge of HS 5 a relatively high salinity in the Gulf of Lions lead to stronger Western Mediterranean Deep Water formation and mixing of the surface with the deeper layers. By contrast during HS 4, we suggest that the massive North Atlantic iceberg break-up decreased the salinity of the Gulf of Lions and reduced the wind stress in the Mediterranean, leading to the stratification of the Mediterranean water column and inducing limited upward mixing of cold water, resulting in regional atmospheric warming and wetting compared to HS 5. This work highlights the potential crucial role of local processes in modulating the regional response to a global climate change related with ice-sheet instabilities.
(Geological Society of America Bulletin. vol. 133, n° 0016-7606, pp. 451-460, 01/03/2021)
EPHE, PSL, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IRAMAT-CRP2A, IRAMAT, UTBM, UO, UBM, CNRS, GEO3BCN–CSIC, CSIC
Spatial Distributions of Surface Sedimentary Organics and Sediment Profile Image Characteristics in a High-Energy Temperate Marine RiOMar: The West Gironde Mud Patch
The spatial distributions of (1) surface sediment characteristics (D0.5, Sediment Surface Area (SSA), Particulate Organic Carbon (POC), Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Phaeophytin-a (Phaeo-a), Total and Enzymatically Hydrolyzable Amino Acids (THAA, EHAA), δ13C) and (2) sediment profile image (apparent Redox Potential Discontinuity (aRPD), numbers and depths of biological traces) characteristics were quantified based on the sampling of 32 stations located within the West Gironde Mud Patch (Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic) in view of (1) assessing the spatial structuration of a temperate river-dominated ocean margin located in a high-energy area, (2) disentangling the impacts of hydrodynamics and bottom trawling on this structuration, and (3) comparing the West Gironde Mud Patch with the Rhône River Prodelta (located in a low-energy area). Results support the subdivision of the West Gironde Mud Patch in a proximal and a distal part and show (1) the existence of depth gradients in surface sedimentary organics characteristics and bioturbation within the distal part; (2) no evidence for a significant effect of bottom trawling, as opposed to Bottom Shear Stress, on the West Gironde Mud Patch spatial structuration; and (3) major discrepancies between spatial structuration in the West Gironde Mud Patch and the Rhône River Prodelta, which were attributed to differences in tidal regimes, sedimentation processes, and local hydrodynamics, which is in agreement with current river-dominated ocean margin typologies
(Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. vol. 9, n° 2077-1312, pp. 242, 01/03/2021)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UFRJ, DYNECO, IFREMER
The North Atlantic Glacial Eastern Boundary Current as a Key Driver for Ice‐Sheet—AMOC Interactions and Climate Instability
(Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. vol. 36, n° 2572-4525, 01/03/2021)
GM, IFREMER, LOCEAN-PROTEO, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité, IFREMER, LPG, UA, UN UFR ST, UN, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, PACEA, UB, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LOPS, IRD, IFREMER, INSU - CNRS, UBO EPE, CNRS
Multi-decadal trends in Antarctic sea-ice extent driven by ENSO–SAM over the last 2,000 years
(Nature Geoscience. vol. 14, n° 1752-0894, pp. 156-160, 01/03/2021)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, Maynooth University, ELIE, UCLouvain, LOCEAN-VALCO, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité, ACE-CRC, UGR