Impacts des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques. Synthèse de l’expertise scientifique collective
Impacts des produits phytopharmaceutiques sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques Synthèse de l'expertise scientifique collective-Mai 2022 Direction de l'expertise scientifique collective, de la prospective et des études (DEPE)
(pp. 136 p., 13/04/2026)
DEPE, INRAE, ECOSYS, INRAE, RiverLy, INRAE, IFREMER, AQUA, INRAE, ISA, UNS, CNRS, INRAE, UniCA, LMGE, CNRS, UCA, UMR BAGAP, ESA, INRAE, Institut Agro, LPED, IRD, AMU, SEBIO, INERIS, URCA, ULH, NU, URCA, CNRS, INERIS, EMMAH, AU, INRAE, MET, ENVL, INRAE, CRIOBE, UPVD, EPHE, PSL, CNRS, CNELIAS, ENS de Lyon, EHESS, AU, AMU, CNRS, LBBE, UCBL, VAS, CNRS, UB, UBFC, INRAE, Institut Agro, LCE, CNRS, UFC, UBFC, UMR SAVE, UB, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, DECOD, IFREMER, INRAE, Institut Agro, Institut Agro, OFB, GREDEG, UNS, CNRS, UniCA, LEREPS, UT Capitole, Comue de Toulouse, UT2J, Comue de Toulouse, ENSFEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UMR Eco&Sols, Cirad, IRD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IODE, UR, CNRS, UPR HORTSYS, Cirad, Cirad-PERSYST, Cirad, UMR MARBEC, IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, UM, DipSO, INRAE, AMURE, IRD, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS, UR EABX, INRAE, IMBE, AU, AMU, CNRS, ICRA, UdG, BRM, IFREMER, URAFPA, UL, INRAE, UR HYCAR, INRAE
Freshwater influx to the Eastern Mediterranean Sea from the melting of the Fennoscandian ice sheet during the last deglaciation
Between the Last Glacial Maximum and the mid-Holocene, the Mediterranean Sea experienced major hydrological changes. The deposition of the last sapropel, S1, during the Early Holocene is a consequence of these changes. In order to cause anoxia in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) bottom water, a long preconditioning period of a few thousand years would need to occur throughout the deglaciation prior to S1. It is generally believed that this freshwater was of North Atlantic origin, later supplemented by the African Humid period (AHP). Here, we investigate another potentially important source of freshwater to the EMS: the Fennoscandian ice sheet (FIS) meltwater, running into the Caspian and Black Seas. A few scenarios of continental hydrologic perturbation have been developed to drive a high-resolution Mediterranean Sea general circulation model. We demonstrate that, during the last deglaciation, FIS meltwater flowing into the Black Sea reduced surface salinity and ventilation over the main convection areas in the EMS. By including continental hydrological changes, a more consistent framework is produced to characterize the hydrology of the Mediterranean Sea during the last deglaciation and the Early Holocene.
(Scientific Reports. vol. 12, n° 2045-2322, pp. 8466, 13/04/2026)
LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LMD, INSU - CNRS, X, IP Paris, ENPC, SU, CNRS, ENS-PSL, PSL, GEOPS, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, GEOAZUR 7329, INSU - CNRS, UniCA, CNRS, IRD [Occitanie], UniCA, UTokyo
Modelling the contribution of wind waves to Cap Ferret's updrift erosion
Wind waves breaking at an angle with the shoreline force the drifting of littoral sediments, which is known for contributing to the formation and growth of barrier spits. Intriguingly, increased rates of longshore wave power have also been associated with the erosion of some barrier spits on the updrift margin of tidal inlets. Therefore, a numerical experiment was designed and is presented here, which investigates the possible links between the longshore wave power and the shortening of these elongated coastal barriers. Based on a process-based model, the experiment provides new insights into the forces at play in the redistribution of sediments between a sandspit and its adjacent inlet, respectively the Cap Ferret and the Bay of Arcachon's tidal inlet, in SW France. More particularly, model scenarios were defined that show how combined waves and tide create gradients of residual sediment transport responsible for a sediment deficit at the spit – inlet boundary. The deficit was also found to deepen with increasing longshore wave energy, as if the transfer of sediment from the spit to inlet shoals was accelerated. This physically explains the previously observed retreat of the spit's distal end during periods dominated by the positive phase of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in winter. Indeed, according to model results, higher and/or more oblique waves associated with the positive phase of the NAO are expected to increase the transfer and storage of the drifting sediments to and by the inlet shoals, and this at the expense of the spit. While these conclusions remain valid, we noticed that the sensitivity of model results to the bottom friction enhanced the importance of accurately representing the spatio-temporal distribution of bed roughness when investigating the morphodynamic interactions between real-world tidal inlets and their margins.
(Coastal Engineering. vol. 172, n° 0378-3839, pp. 104063, 13/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, BRGM, LIENSs, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS
Biomass partitioning of plants under soil pollution stress
Polluted sites are ubiquitous worldwide but how plant partition their biomass between different organs in this context is unclear. Here, we identified three possible drivers of biomass partitioning in our controlled study along pollution gradients: plant size reduction (pollution effect) combined with allometric scaling between organs; early deficit in root surfaces (pollution effect) inducing a decreased water uptake; increased biomass allocation to roots to compensate for lower soil resource acquisition consistent with the optimal partitioning theory (plant response). A complementary meta-analysis showed variation in biomass partitioning across published studies, with grass and woody species having distinct modifications of their root: shoot ratio. However, the modelling of biomass partitioning drivers showed that single harvest experiments performed in previous studies prevent identifying the main drivers at stake. The proposed distinction between pollution effects and plant response will help to improve our knowledge of plant allocation strategies in the context of pollution.
(Communications Biology. vol. 5, n° 2399-3642, 13/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EVS, ENS de Lyon, Mines Saint-Étienne MSE, IMT, UL2, UJML, INSA Lyon, INSA, UJM, ENTPE, ENSAL, CNRS, ALLHiS, UJM, BioGeCo, UB, INRAE
Architectures 3D et hétérogénéités sédimentaires du réservoir géothermique argilo-sableux de l’Albien d’Île-de-France (Bassin de Paris)
La consommation énergétique en Ile-de-France est majoritairement associée aux besoins en chaleur des bâtiments, puis vient ensuite le secteur des transports. Plus de la moitié de la production de chaleur collective ou individuelle est produite par du combustible fossile. La stratégie énergie-climat de l’Ile-de-France prévoit d’augmenter assez significativement à l’horizon 2030 la production de chaleur par géothermie (x4 par rapport à 2015). Le rythme de développement actuel ne permettra pas d’atteindre cet objectif. Il faudrait atteindre un taux de 6 à 10 fois supérieur. Il devient nécessaire de positionner les doublets de manière optimale en proposant des solutions qui explorent le développement de nouvelles zones. Les réservoirs argilo-sableux du Crétacé inférieur deviennent une cible qu’il convient de mieux caractériser pour optimiser son développement. Récemment (2017) deux doublets géothermiques ont été mis en place dans la nappe de l’Albien sous le plateau de Saclay. Les retours d’expérience sur cette opération ont soulevé des problèmes de forte résistance à la réinjection, ne permettant pas un fonctionnement efficace et durable du système. L’hétérogénéité du réservoir en termes (1) de continuité ou d’épaisseur des niveaux sableux et/ou de niveaux argileux, (2) de minéralogie ou (3) de granulométrie est très peu documentée, ce qui complique son exploitation, et rend incertaine les opérations de ré-injection dans le réservoir. Il devient nécessaire de mieux caractériser ces hétérogénéités dans les réservoirs argilo-sableux du crétacé inférieur (Albien en particulier). Une base de données rassemblant les logs et données pétrophysiques de tous les puits d’Ile- de-France traversant les sables de l’Albien a été organisée sur le géomodelleur Petrel©. Deux cent quarante et un puits, avec diagraphies (avec au moins un Gamma Ray disponible) ou seulement carotté (forage d’Orsay), ont été sélectionnés dans un périmètre allant du nord de la Seine-Saint-Denis jusqu’au sud de l’Essonne et de la Seine et Marne. En incluant le forage carotté historique d’Orsay, ces puits ont été habillés en termes de faciès. Basé sur le rapport BRGM de 2016 (Sévenier et Lasseur, 2016), un ré-examen des faciès et séquences stratigraphiques a été réalisé d’après cette nouvelle base de données. L’étude détaillée permet de reconnaître 7 faciès. Ces faciès ont été attribués à un environnement de dépôt, estuariens à deltaïques en fonction des séquences avec (1) sables grossiers et graviers de la partie chenalisée et influencée par les marées, (2) argiles de replat de marée (mud flat), (3) sables propres de replat sableux (sand flat), (4) sables hétérolithiques de barres sableuses (heterolithic sand bars), (5) sables propres de shoreface, (6) sables argileux d’offshore supérieur et (7) argiles d’offshore inférieur. En tenant compte des concepts de stratigraphie séquentielle et d’empilement vertical des faciès, 3 séquences stratigraphiques de 2nd ordre ont été retrouvées. Douze Maximum Regressive Surfaces et treize Maximum Flooding Surfaces ont été reportées sur les puits et permettent d’illustrer 11 séquences de 3ème ordre, à l’aide de neuf coupes stratigraphiques de corrélation. Ces coupes permettent d’illustrer la géométrie du réservoir. A l’aide de méthodes géostatistiques, plusieurs réalisations numériques rendant compte de l’hétérogénéité 3D des facies ont été proposées. Elles permettent d’identifier les séquences et les localités propices au développement de ce réservoir. Le faciès de sable propre de shoreface de la 3ème séquence 4 et 5 rencontrées dans les Sables de Frécambault présentent une épaisseur d’une trentaine de mètres vers Orsay, et semble une cible idéale pour exploiter le réservoir sur ce site.
(. vol. 82, pp. 6, 13/04/2026)
GEOPS, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IFPEN, BRGM, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
The Reading Palaeofire Database: an expanded global resource to document changes in fire regimes from sedimentary charcoal records
Sedimentary charcoal records are widely used to reconstruct regional changes in fire regimes through time in the geological past. Existing global compilations are not geographically comprehensive and do not provide consistent metadata for all sites. Furthermore, the age models provided for these records are not harmonised and many are based on older calibrations of the radiocarbon ages. These issues limit the use of existing compilations for research into past fire regimes. Here, we present an expanded database of charcoal records, accompanied by new age models based on recalibration of radiocarbon ages using IntCal20 and Bayesian age-modelling software. We document the structure and contents of the database, the construction of the age models, and the quality control measures applied. We also record the expansion of geographical coverage relative to previous charcoal compilations and the expansion of metadata that can be used to inform analyses. This first version of the Reading Palaeofire Database contains 1676 records (entities) from 1480 sites worldwide. The database (RPDv1b - Harrison et al., 2021) is available at https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.000345.
(Earth System Science Data. vol. 14, n° 1866-3508, pp. 1109-1124, 13/04/2026)
UMR ISEM, Cirad, EPHE, PSL, CNRS, UM, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Do DOM optical parameters improve the prediction of copper availability in vineyard soils?
Accumulation of copper (Cu) in soils due to the application of fungicides may be toxic for organisms and hence affect winegrowing sustainability. Soil parameters such as pH and dissolved organic matter (DOM) are known to affect the availability of Cu. In this study, we investigated the contribution of chromophoric and fluorescent DOM properties to the prediction of Cu availability in 18 organic vineyard soils in the Bordeaux winegrowing area (France). The DOM parameters, assessed through absorbance and fluorescence analyses, and proxies for Cu availability (total soluble Cu and free ionic Cu2+) were measured in 0.01 M KCl extracts. Total soluble Cu (CuKCl) varied 23-fold while free ionic Cu2+ varied by a factor of 4600 among the soils. DOC concentrations were similar among the soils, but the samples differed in the quality of DOM as assessed by optical spectroscopy. Multilinear regression models with and without DOM quality parameters were investigated to predict Cu availability. The best model for CuKCl successfully explained 83% of variance and included pH, CuT, and two DOM fluorescence quality indices, the FI fluorescence index, which distinguishes between microbial and higher plant origins, and the HIX humification index. For the prediction of Cu2+, pH alone explained 88% of variance and adding DOM parameters did not improve modelling. The two Cu availability proxies were related to pH. This study confirms the prominent role of pH in Cu availability and underlines the importance of DOM quality to better predict Cu solubility
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research, n° 0944-1344, 13/04/2026)
UMR ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Dinoflagellate cysts response to climate change during the MIS 12/11 transition
(13/04/2026)
HNHP, MNHN, UPVD, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Corrigendum to ‘Refinement of an OECD test guideline for evaluating the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on aromatase gene expression and reproduction using novel transgenic cyp19a1a-eGFP zebrafish’ [Aquat. Toxicol. 220 (2020) 105403](S0166445X19308392)(10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105403)
The authors deeply regret that errors occurred in the original above article. Corrections follow below. - In the 2.7. Vitellogenin ELISA section of the Materials and methods section, the sentence “Standard / samples were pre-incubated … overnight at 4°C.” should read as “Standard / samples were pre-incubated with the primary antibody (1:1 with DR-264 zebrafish anti-VTG antibody diluted to 1:500, Biosense Laboratories, Norway) overnight at 4°C.” - In Figure 2, the authors have inadvertently forgot to apply dilution factors to the circulating E2 concentrations. The correct E2 concentrations can be found on the corrected figure bellow. [Formula presented] - In the 3.4. Circulating estradiol concentrations section of the Results section, the sentence “Nevertheless, a 48% inhibition was seen…concentration (172.6 µg/L)” should now read as “Nevertheless, a 40% inhibition was seen between the fish in the different control groups and the fish exposed to the highest concentration (PCZ 172.6 μg/l).” - In the 3.5. Circulating vitellogenin concentrations section of the Results section, the sentence “A significant decrease was measured in fish … (PCZ 172.6 μg/l).” should read as “A significant decrease was measured in fish exposed to the highest concentration of PCZ, with a fall from 23.40 ± 5.11 mg/ml (DMSO) to 6.10 ± 0.74 mg/ml (PCZ 172.6 μg/l).” - In Figure 3, the unit reported on the Y-axis for the vitellogenin concentrations in mg/ml should read as ng/ml. - In the 4.1. Effect of PCZ on classical endpoints of the OECD TG 229 in cyp19a1a-eGFP zebrafish of the Discussion section, the sentence “From a quantitative point of view, the data….(Doering et al., 2019)” should now read as “From a quantitative point of view, the data we obtained in the cyp19a1a-eGFP zebrafish (40 % decrease of estradiol concentration in the high concentration of PCZ compared to control females, leading to a 65 % decrease of circulating VTG and finally to 60 % less eggs produced) are in perfect adequation with the quantitative relationships existing between all key events of the AOP recently described for wildtype zebrafish (Doering et al., 2019).” These corrections do not affect the conclusions of the article in any way. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105403 Nathalie Hinfray © 2022
(Aquatic Toxicology. vol. 247, n° 0166-445X, 13/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
On the combination of the planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca, clumped (Δ47) and conventional (δ18O) stable isotope paleothermometers in palaeoceanographic studies
Assuming that foraminiferal clumped isotope (Δ47) values are independent of seawater salinity and pH, the combination of Mg/Ca, δ18O and Δ47 values, may in theory allow us to disentangle the temperature, salinity/δ18Osw and pH signals. Here, we present a new Mg/Ca-Δ47 dataset for modern planktonic foraminifera, from various oceanographic basins and covering a large range of temperatures (from 0.2 to 25.4 °C). These measurements were performed on the same samples and species as the ones used for the foraminiferal Δ47 calibration of Peral et al. (2018), allowing comparison between both Mg/Ca and Δ47 paleothermometers (excluding the two benthic foraminiferal data points). There is a good agreement between these two paleothermometers when the Mg/Ca-temperature is corrected for seawater salinity and pH, suggesting that foraminiferal Δ47 may not be influenced by salinity or pH. However, our results show that Δ47 temperature uncertainties still limit our ability to reconstruct pH and δ18Osw from the combination of Mg/Ca, δ18O and Δ47 in a useful manner. We also find that disagreements between Mg/Ca and Δ47 values in G. bulloides persist after correction for vital, salinity and pH effects, suggesting that other process(es) may also influence Mg/Ca in this species.This study also provides an updated I-CDES version of the previously published planktonic and benthic foraminiferal Δ47 calibration of Peral et al. (2018), covering a range of temperature from −2 to 25.4 °C.
(Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. vol. 339, n° 0016-7037, pp. 22-34, 13/04/2026)
LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LPG, UM, UA, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, Nantes univ - UFR ST, Nantes Univ, CLIMAG, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, LOCEAN-PROTEO, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité