Unraveling the climate control on debris-free glacier evolution in the Everest region (Nepal, central Himalaya) during the Holocene
Current mass balance and meteorological surveys of Mera glacier located about 30 km south of Mount Everest in Nepal show the dominant role of Asian monsoon precipitation on interannual mass balance variability while temperature controls the altitude of snow-rain threshold. As these observations on mass balance variability only explore the recent decades, studies on paleo glacial extents are useful to investigate the long-term climate forcing on glacier evolution. To do so, we investigated the long-term evolution of the debris-free Mera glacier and a neighbouring small debris-free South Khare glacier. Fifty-one 10Be CRE ages were obtained from samples collected on moraine boulders and roches moutonnées. 10Be CRE ages of the boulders span from the end of the Lateglacial (19.0–11.7 ka) to the Little Ice Age (∼0.6–0.1 ka). The oldest dated moraine in this study was observed at the base of South Khare glacier with an age of 13.6 ± 0.5 ka. The two glaciers subsequently experienced their largest Holocene extent in the Early Holocene with moraines dated to 11.0 ± 0.3 ka at the base of Mera glacier and 10.8 ± 0.5 ka at the base of South Khare glacier. We did not observe any moraine from the Mid-Holocene. During the Late Holocene several glacier advances were recorded around 2.3 ± 0.2 ka, 1.5 ka and then during the last centuries at Mera glacier and around 2.8 ± 0.6 ka, and during the Little Ice Age at South Khare glacier. To explore the links between long-term Nepalese glacier changes and climate, we used oceanic and terrestrial Indian Summer monsoon reconstructions and temperature and precipitation output from two transient global climate models TraCE and LOVECLIM. These climate data outputs were corrected by a reconstruction of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) over the Holocene and its associated climatic impacts. We also used sensitivity experiments from the IPSL (Institut Pierre Simon Laplace) model to discuss the possible influence of horizontal resolution, land hydrology, vegetation and runoff on changes in Asian summer monsoon. Importantly, we show this long-term Nepalese glacier pattern does not perfectly conform neither to the Indian monsoon precipitation that is documented from terrestrial and marine records nor to temperature and precipitation changes simulated by the models. While the maximum glacier extent in the Early Holocene corresponds to enhanced precipitation documented by proxies and models, the Late Holocene glacier advance remains puzzling. We claim that new paleo glacier records and improved climate simulations are necessary to get a better understanding of past glacier changes and the associated climate dynamics, which might be crucial to gain confidence in both glacier and climate future evolutions.
(Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 310, n° 0277-3791, pp. 108109, 15/10/2026)
CEREGE, IRD, AMU, CdF (institution), INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IGE, IRD, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INRAE, Fédération OSUG, UGA, Grenoble INP, UGA, GEOPS, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Benthic fluxes and mineralization processes at the scale of a coastal lagoon: Permeable versus fine-grained sediment contribution
Benthic fluxes of biogenic compounds play a major role in the biogeochemistry of shallow aquatic environments. Quantifying these fluxes at the scale of a lagoon is a challenge, especially when sediments are heterogeneous and fluxes at the sediment-water interface combine diffusive and advective transport processes. Diagenetic processes and associated benthic fluxes were quantified across different seasons in a lagoon of the French Mediterranean coast (La Palme lagoon) from vertical profiles of pore water and sedimentary solid fraction carried out at many representative stations of the lagoon. The northwestern part of the lagoon is covered with fine-grained sediment with low permeability and the rest of the lagoon contains permeable sandy sediment. We obtained vertical profiles with centimetre-scale resolution of water content, salinity, and major particulate and dissolved biogenic compounds of C, N, P, Si, S, Fe and Mn. This study allowed us to refine the sedimentary mapping of the lagoon, to specify the spatio-temporal evolution of biogeochemical processes, and to determine more precisely the part of the diffusive fluxes of nutrient compared to advective fluxes. Comparison of the vertical profiles with a molecular diffusion transport model shows that molecular diffusion is the dominant process in fine-grained sediments, while sandy sediments are dominated by advection due to circulation of lagoon water in shallow sediments. Benthic respiration renders fine-grained and sandy sediments anoxic from the first few mm below the sediment-water interface, particularly due to the availability of labile organic matter. Benthic dissolved inorganic nitrogen fluxes are of the same order of magnitude in both sediment types, despite the different flux mechanisms. This suggests that the intensity of organic matter mineralization processes is the same in fine and sandy sediments. Benthic phosphate fluxes are greater in sandy than in fine sediments because phosphorus is more efficiently retained in the solid fraction of fine sediments. Thus, sandy sediments play a dominant role in the pelagic-benthic coupling of the lagoon.
(Marine Chemistry. vol. 254, n° 0304-4203, 15/10/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LEGOS, IRD, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNES, CNRS, OMP, IRD, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNES, CNRS
Le GIS Sol dans les départements et régions d’Outre-mer français
Cet article présente les axes des travaux pédologiques effectués dans les régions ultramarines françaises dans le cadre du Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique Sol. Ces travaux concernent les programmes « Réseau de mesures de la qualité des sols » (RMQS) et « Inventaire, Gestion et Conservation des Sols » (IGCS), conduits aux Petites Antilles, Martinique et Guadeloupe, à La Réunion et Mayotte, et en Guyane. Ces travaux revêtent un caractère particulier du fait que les territoires concernés sont soumis à des climats variés dans la bande intertropicale et des conditions de développement des sols contrastées sur des lithologies continentales du socle et insulaires volcaniques. Dans le cadre du programme IGCS, les travaux se sont axés dans un premier temps sur l’inventaire et la sauvegarde numérique des connaissances de la distribution des sols acquises dans ces territoires depuis les années 1950. Dans un second temps, des synthèses morpho-pédologiques ont été réalisées grâce à ces données pédologiques numérisées et intégrées à une base de données, complétées par des données géologiques et géomorphologiques. Ces travaux sont illustrés dans cet article à travers le cas de la Guadeloupe. La première campagne du programme RMQS, qui s’est déroulée entre 2006 et 2015, a porté sur 67 sites dans les mêmes territoires. La mise en place de ce programme en Outre-mer s’est faite avec quelques adaptations par rapport au dispositif mis en place dans l’Hexagone, et qui concernent l’implantation des sites, les analyses de sols réalisées et la gestion des échantillons de sols. Quelques résultats de ce programme sont discutés, concernant les stocks de carbone du sol en Guyane, et les teneurs en éléments traces métalliques et hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les territoires insulaires. Enfin, les pistes d’évolution du programme sont discutées, afin d’améliorer le suivi des propriétés des sols dans ces territoires.
(Étude et Gestion des Sols. vol. 30, n° 1252-6851, pp. 145-168, 15/10/2026)
UMR Eco&Sols, Cirad, IRD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Info&Sols, INRAE, PNRL, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IRD, iEES Paris, IRD, SU, UPEC UP12, CNRS, INRAE
Toxicity assessment of environmental MPs and NPs and polystyrene NPs on the bivalve Corbicula fluminea using a multi-marker approach
Small plastic particles, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) represent a major threat in aquatic environments. Freshwater organisms are exposed to MPs and NPs, particularly in industrial and urban areas. The present study aimed to compare the toxicity between polystyrene NPs (PS NPs) and environmental microplastics (ENV MPs) and nanoplastics (ENV NPs) generated from macro-sized debris collected in the Garonne River on the freshwater bivalve C. fluminea. The organisms were exposed to the different plastic particles at three environmentally relevant concentrations: 0.008, 10, and 100 μg L−1 for 21 days. The biological responses of organisms were assessed using a multi-biomarker approach from the sub-individual to the individual level. The results demonstrated that: i) ENV NPs triggered more effects on detoxification processes and immune response, confirming that using manufactured NPs for laboratory exposure can lead to misleading conclusions on the risks posed by plastic particles; ii) effects of ENV MPs were less marked than ENV NPs, emphasizing the importance of testing a size continuum of plastic particles from NPs to MPs; iii) some effects were only observed for the low and/or intermediate concentrations tested, underlining the importance of using environmentally relevant concentrations. In light of these results, laboratory studies should be continued by exposing aquatic species to environmental MPs and NPs. The properties of these particles have to be characterized for a better risk assessment of environmental plastic particles.
(Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology. vol. 273, n° 1532-0456, pp. 109714, 15/10/2026)
BIOSSE, UCO, BiOSSE, UM, UCO, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, GR, UR, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ULaval, IPGP - UMR_7154, INSU - CNRS, IGN, UR, IPG Paris, CNRS, UPCité
Temperature and feeding frequency impact the survival, growth, and metamorphosis success of Solea solea larvae
Human-induced climate change impacts the oceans, increasing their temperature, changing their circulation and chemical properties, and affecting marine ecosystems. Like most marine species, sole has a biphasic life cycle, where one planktonic larval stage and juvenile/adult stages occur in a different ecological niche. The year-class strength, usually quantified by the end of the larvae stage, is crucial for explaining the species' recruitment. We implemented an experimental system for rearing larvae under laboratory conditions and experimentally investigated the effects of temperature and feeding frequencies on survival, development (growth), and metamorphosis success of S. solea larvae. Specific questions addressed in this work include: what are the effects of feeding regimes on larvae development? How does temperature impact larvae development? Our results highlight that survival depends on the first feeding, that the onset of metamorphosis varies according to rearing temperature and that poorly fed larvae take significantly longer to start (if they do) metamorphosing. Moreover, larvae reared at the higher temperature (a +4˚C scenario) showed a higher incidence in metamorphosis defects. We discuss the implications of our results in an ecological context, notably in terms of recruitment and settlement. Understanding the processes that regulate the abundance of wild populations is of primary importance, especially if these populations are living resources exploited by humans.
(PLoS ONE. vol. 18, n° 1932-6203, pp. pp. e0281193, 15/10/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UMR MARBEC, IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, UM
Study of an outcropping deltaic reservoir analog: From digital outcrops to 3D reservoir model (Roda Sandstones, Graus-Tremp Basin)
(15/10/2026)
GEOPS, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IFPEN
Characterization of the bioaccumulation and toxicity of copper pyrithione, an antifouling compound, on juveniles of rainbow trout
Since the global ban on tributyltin in antifouling paints in 2008 by the International Maritime Organization, new products have been developed and brought to the market. Among them, copper pyrithione (CuPT) is used, but its mechanisms of toxicity remain little known. This project aimed to identify and measure the impacts of aqueous exposure to CuPT, an organic compound, and compare it to ionic Cu ²⁺ added in the form of its inorganic salt CuSO 4 , in equivalent Cu ²⁺ molar concentrations, on rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) juveniles under controlled laboratory conditions. A 24-hour acute exposure was performed with nominal concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/L Cu from either CuSO 4 or CuPT (labelled CuSO 4 _50, CuSO 4 _100, CuPT_50 and CuPT_100, respectively). The CuPT_100 condition induced 85 % mortality in 15 hours and the CuPT_50 condition induced 5 % mortality in the same period. A chronic exposure was then performed with nominal concentrations of 1 and 10 µg/L Cu from CuPT and 10 µg/L Cu ²⁺ from CuSO 4 (labelled CuSO 4 _1, CuSO 4 _10, CuPT_1 and CuPT_10, respectively). Measured aqueous concentrations of Cu ²⁺ were slightly higher than nominal concentrations for the lower concentrations, but lower for the CuPT_10 condition. The 8- and 16-day toxicokinetics showed a greater accumulation of copper in the gills of fish exposed to CuPT compared to fish exposed to Cu ²⁺ from CuSO 4 . The CuPT_10 condition induced 35 and 38 % mortality after 8 and 16 days of exposure, while no mortality was observed in the CuSO 4 _10 condition. The growth of juveniles was not impacted during the 16 days of exposure for any condition. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx) did not respond to exposure to either contaminant. The expression of genes involved in the antioxidant response ( sod1 , sod2 , gpx ), detoxification ( cyp1a , mt1x , mt2x ), Cu transport ( ctr1 , ctr2 , slc11a2 ), energy metabolism ( AcoAc , cox , 12S) and cell cycle regulation ( bax ) strongly decreased at Day 8 in the gills and at Day 16 in the liver of CuPT-exposed fish in comparison to controls at the same time point. This study clearly showed that the toxicity of Cu in the form of CuPT was much higher than that of ionic Cu from CuSO 4 and provides new information on the compound that will be useful to develop regulations concerning its use and release in the aquatic environment.
(Peer Community In Ecotoxicology and Environmental Chemistry, n° 2779-9948, 15/10/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Evaluating pesticide mixture risks in French Mediterranean coastal lagoons waters
To assess the risk of pesticide mixtures in lagoon waters, this study adopted a multi-step approach using integrative passive samplers (POCIS) and concentration addition (CA) toxicological models. Two French Mediterranean lagoons (Thau and Or) were monitored for a range of 68 pesticides continuously over a period of a year (2015–16). The findings revealed mixtures of dissolved pesticides with varying composition and levels over the year. The Or site contained more pesticides than Thau site (37 vs 28 different substances), at higher concentrations (0.1–58.6 ng.L−1 at Or vs \textless0.1–9.9 at Thau) and with overall higher detection frequencies. All samples showed a potential chronic toxicity risk, depending on the composition and concentrations of co-occurring pesticides. In 74 % of the samples, this pesticide risk was driven by a few single substances (ametryn, atrazine, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, chlorotoluron, irgarol, diuron and metolachlor) and certain transformation products (e.g. DPMU and metolachlor OA/ESA). Individually, these were a threat for the three taxa studied (phytoplankton, crustaceans and fish). Yet even a drastic reduction of these drivers alone (up to 5 % of their current concentration) would not eliminate the toxicity risks in 56 % of the Or Lagoon samples, due to pesticide mixtures. The two CA-based approaches used to assess the combined effect of these mixtures, determined chronic potential negative impacts for both lagoons, while no acute risk was highlighted. This risk was seasonal, indicating the importance of monitoring in key periods (summer, winter and spring) to get a more realistic picture of the pesticide threat in lagoon waters. These findings suggest that it is crucial to review the current EU Water Framework Directive's risk-assessment method, as it may incorrectly determine pesticide risk in lagoons.
(Science of the Total Environment. vol. 867, n° 0048-9697, pp. 161303, 15/10/2026)
UMR MARBEC, IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, UM, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UB
Energy and dissipation spectra of waves propagating in the inner surf zone
The spectral behavior of random sawtooth waves propagating in the inner surf zone is investigated in this study. We show that the elevation energy spectrum exhibit a universal shape with a ω −2 tendency in the inertial subrange and an exponential decay in the diffusive subrange (ω being the angular frequency). A theoretical spectrum is derived based on the similarities between sawtooth waves in the inner surf zone and Burgers wave solutions. A very good agreement is shown between this theoretical spectrum and laboratory experiments covering a large range of incident random wave conditions. Additionally an equation describing the universal shape of the dissipation spectrum is derived. It highlights that the dissipation spectrum is nearly constant in the inertial subrange, consistent with prior laboratory observations. The findings presented in this study can be useful to improve broken wave dissipation parametrizations in stochastic spectral wave models.
(Journal of Fluid Mechanics. vol. 977, n° 0022-1120, pp. A48, 15/10/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Global coastal groundwater and subterranean estuary nutrients
These data were compiled from original and published datasets of coastal groundwater / subterranean estuary research efforts along global coastline (sites within 1km of shoreline). The dataset includes sampling site names, locations, original sample information, sample depth, temperature, salinity, dissolved nitrogen concentrations, and dissolved phosphorus concentrations. The data source or curator is also included in the dataset.
(PANGAEA, 15/10/2026)
USM, GU, UiB, OSU, SC State, OUC, AU, UC, ZMT, SYSU, OFFIS, SNU, WHOI, WHOI, IIMyC, CONICET, UNMdP, UQAR, HU, UAB, UA, ECNU, UFZ, AIMS, CSIRO, CENPAT, SCU, ODU, SBU, SUNY, CEREGE, IRD, AMU, CdF (institution), INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, NCESS, IO-PAN, PAN, UNSW, UNSW, UFRN, SJSU, UCONN, VIMS, GU