Trophic transfer effects of PS nanoplastics and field-derived nanoplastics in the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea
Plastic pollution is of global concern. Many studies investigated the effect of micro and nanoplatics towards aquatic organisms. However, relatively few studies were assessed on freshwater organisms. Another aspect of this pollution is the impact of trophic transfer on plastic distribution and on food chain in order to evaluate its potential risk towards environmental and human health. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess the ecotoxicological impacts of different types of nanoplastics (NPs) on freshwater organisms exposed through trophic transfer. Freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus subspicatus were contaminated for 48 h with realistic concentrations of NPs (0.008, 10 and 100 mu g/L). Two types of NPs were tested: commercial PS NPs and NPs generated from macro-sized plastics collected in the field (ENV NPs). Freshwater Corbicula fluminea bivalves were then fed with the contaminated algae every 48 h for 21 days. Results showed that trophic exposure led to the induction of oxidative stress (CAT activity). Overall, NPs trophic exposure caused downregulations of genes implicated in many cellular processes (immunity, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, endocytosis, apoptosis). This present study allowed to demonstrate the relevance of investigating the trophic transfer effects of NPs on a freshwater trophic chain. Further studies should focus more on larger levels of the food chain.
(Aquatic Toxicology. vol. 277, n° 0166-445X, pp. 107160, 21/06/2026)
BIOSSE, UCO, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UMS POREA, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INRAE, GR, UR, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ULaval, IPG Paris
Gestion quantitative de l’eau et usages agricoles sous contrainte climatique
Plus grande région agricole de France et d’Europe, la Nouvelle-Aquitaine subit comme l’ensemble du territoire national, les conséquences du changement climatique et notamment des sécheresses. L’eau et son accès sont des enjeux cruciaux pour une partie des agriculteurs mais une part de la population est inquiète des possibles conséquences environnementales. La question de la gestion de l’eau est donc au cœur de controverses publiques depuis quelques années. C’est dans ce contexte qu’ AcclimaTerra s’est proposé d’apporter une contribution au débat dans le but de réintroduire des données et des résultats scientifiques sur la ressource en eau.
(pp. 68, 21/06/2026)
BRGM, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, CED, IEP Bordeaux, UB, CNRS, AGIR, Toulouse INP, Comue de Toulouse, INP - PURPAN, Toulouse INP, Comue de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR G-EAU, Cirad, BRGM, IRD, INRAE, Institut Agro, UP, HydrASA, IC2MP [Poitiers], UP, INC-CNRS, CNRS, UMR EGFV, UB, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, UMLP, UBFC, UP, Solagro, ISVV, UB, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
A critical review of pollution active biomonitoring using sentinel fish: Challenges and opportunities
Water pollution is a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. Various methods of monitoring, such as in situ approaches, are currently available to assess its impact. In this paper we examine the use of fish in active biomonitoring to study contamination and toxicity of surface waters. We analysed 148 previous studies conducted between 2005 and 2022, including both marine and freshwater environments, focusing on the characteristics of the organisms used as well as the principal goals of these studies. The main conclusions we drew are that a wide range of protocols and organisms have been used but there is no standardised method for assessing the quality of aquatic ecosystems on a more global scale. Additionally, the most commonly used developmental stages have been juveniles and adults. At these stages, the most frequently used species were the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and two salmonids: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). Few studies used earlier stages of development (embryos or larvae), mostly due to the difficulty of obtaining fish embryos and caging them in the field. Finally, we identified research gaps in active biomonitoring for water quality assessment which could indicate useful directions for future research and development.
(Environmental Pollution. vol. 360, n° 0269-7491, pp. 124661, 21/06/2026)
UR EABX, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, RiverLy, INRAE
Constraining Plio‐Pleistocene Shifts in Northwest African Hydroclimate, Ecosystem Distributions, and Marine Productivity: New Paleo‐Records Across the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition
AbstractNorthwest Africa transitioned from a wet/vegetated landscape toward drier/sparser conditions sometime between the late‐Pliocene and the late‐Pleistocene. However, our understanding of the precise timing and nature of this transition is hampered by a paucity of paleo‐records which bridge these two intervals. Here we report new plant‐wax isotope as well as dust and opal flux records from the relatively brief interval ∼1.1–1.0 million years ago (Ma) to evaluate the astronomical timescale controls of Northwest African hydroclimate and vegetation during the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition (MPT) and, in context with published records, the drivers of long‐term climate and ecological trends over the Plio‐Pleistocene. The tempo and amplitude of the Northwest African monsoon rainfall swings closely track low latitude insolation forcings over the last 5 Ma. However, we demonstrate that a pronounced mean state decline in monsoon strength likely occurred following the MPT most likely instigated by increasing Atlantic meridional sea surface temperature gradients or declines in the strength of the meridional overturning circulation. The northward extent of vegetation does not track changes in monsoon strength over the Plio‐Pleistocene and thus may be more strongly influenced by changes in monsoon rainfall extent or ecosystem disturbances. Progressively diminished dust fluxes following a decline in monsoon strength after 1.0 Ma is consistent with reduced production and subsequent depletion of fine‐grained sediments in the Sahara. Synchroneity between dust and opal fluxes across timescales suggests nutrient delivery to the surface ocean via dust plays a key role in marine primary productivity off the coast of Northwest Africa.
(Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. vol. 39, n° 2572-4525, 21/06/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
El Niño-like tropical Pacific ocean cooling pattern during the Last Glacial Maximum
Many state-of-the-art climate models are unable to reproduce the observed 20th century surface warming pattern in the tropical Pacific Ocean, casting doubt on the robustness of future projections. Here, we examine past changes in the tropical Pacific upper ocean spatial pattern using paleoclimate reconstructions from proxies and simulations from a multi-model ensemble. The proxy results demonstrate that during the Last Glacial Maximum, when atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were lower than present, temperatures in the western tropical Pacific Ocean decreased more than in the east, leading to an El Niño-like cooling pattern. This result contrasts with the zonally uniform cooling pattern observed in model simulations, highlighting the common issue of models overestimating the sensitivity of eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures to greenhouse forcing. Our proxy results imply that the western Pacific may warm more than the east in response to future climate change, producing a La Niña-like surface warming pattern.
(Communications Earth & Environment. vol. 5, n° 2662-4435, pp. 587, 21/06/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, MARUM, QMUL, NTU
Caractérisation des réservoirs silicoclastiques du Trias inférieur à la méso-échelle, un aquifère aux enjeux locaux, nationaux et européens
(. vol. 83, pp. 118, 21/06/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, GR, UR, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
L'impact du numérique. Avis CTES sur les actions menées en 2023-2024
Cet avis porte sur l’impact du numérique en lien avec les activités de l’université. Il évalue les actions mises en place par l’université dans le cadre des engagements décrits dans la Feuille de route des transitions environnementales et sociétales de l’université (Feuille de route), notamment l’engagement 15.
(pp. 10 p., 21/06/2026)
BSE, UB, CNRS, INRAE, LOMA, UB, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UB, INSERM, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Revealing the profound influence of diapause on gene expression: Insights from the annual transcriptome of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus
Abstract Annual rhythms are observed in living organisms with numerous ecological implications. In the zooplanktonic copepod Calanus finmarchicus , such rhythms are crucial regarding its phenology, body lipid accumulation, and global carbon storage. Climate change drives annual biological rhythms out of phase with the prevailing environmental conditions with yet unknown but potentially catastrophic consequences. However, the molecular dynamics underlying phenology are still poorly described. In a rhythmic analysis of C. finmarchicus annual gene expression, results reveal that more than 90% of the transcriptome shows significant annual rhythms, with abrupt and dramatic upheaval between the active and diapause life cycle states. This work explores the implication of the circadian clock in the annual timing, which may control epigenetic mechanisms to profoundly modulate gene expression in response to calendar time. Results also suggest an increased light sensitivity during diapause that would ensure the photoperiodic entrainment of the endogenous annual clock.
(Molecular Ecology. vol. 33, n° 0962-1083, 21/06/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, SAMS, MIAT INRAE, INRAE, JMU, AWI, HIFMB, OFFIS
Influence de la morphologie dunaire sur les flux éoliens et le transport sédimentaire : Exemple sur la côte Aquitaine
L'évolution des dunes côtières est d'une importance stratégique vis-à-vis du risque de submersion dans un contexte d'érosion de nombreux littoraux sableux. Leur dynamique est contrôlée par les interactions complexes entre les facteurs biotiques et abiotiques, notamment le vent incident, la morphologie de la dune et la densité de végétation. La littérature décrit les caractéristiques du vent lors du franchissement d'un système plagedune ainsi que du transport sédimentaire associé pour de nombreux environnements. Toutefois, il n'est pas documenté à ce jour, comment deux systèmes à la morphologie contrastée répondent à une même tempête. Dans ce cadre, une campagne de terrain de 3 jours a été réalisée sur deux sites voisins de la côte Aquitaine (La Teste-de-Buch (S1) et Biscarrosse (S2)) en simultanée. Ils présentent des morphologies contrastées avec une dune fixée par la végétation au front dunaire abrupte (36°) en S1 et une dune libre, au profil doux (11°) en S2. L'étude repose sur l'acquisition de données de vent à l'aide de 21 anémomètres répartis sur les deux sites d'étude, complétée en plusieurs endroits par l'analyse qualitative de panaches de fumigènes capturés par vidéo. Enfin, des mesures de transport sédimentaire ont également été réalisées en différentes positions sur le long des profils. Les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle de la morphologie sur le comportement du vent lors du franchissement de la dune favorisant en S2 un transport sédimentaire pouvant atteindre 200 kg/m²/h au niveau de la crête. Les sédiments transportés proviennent de la plage et de l'érosion de la face marine de la dune. A contrario, l'impact de la face très abrupte de la dune de S1 sur le vent limite très fortement le transport sédimentaire de la plage vers le haut de la dune. Ainsi, la morphologie de S2 favorise le transfert sédimentaire de la plage vers les terres permettant sur des secteurs en érosion le maintien d'un milieu dunaire dans le temps.
(21/06/2026)
UPVD, CEFREM, UPVD, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ISMO, CNRS, BRGM, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ONF
Inverse Modeling Applications to Coastal Marine Ecosystems
Quantitative estimates of energy or material flows within food webs are increasingly viewed as essential to progress on a number of questions in ecosystem science. Inverse analysis has been used since the 1980s to estimate all flows within plankton food webs originally based on incomplete information. Its application to many aquatic environments, including the coastal zone, has led to a variety of methodological improvements. This chapter explains the methodology of inverse modeling and dynamic modeling that derived from this method and illustrates different application in ecosystems ecology. This approach also provides rigorous statistical comparisons of food web properties across ecosystems using indices from Ecological Network Analysis. Various methodological developments are currently underway and some of them are presented here, with a special focus on the link between static and dynamic modeling.
(pp. 96-121, 21/06/2026)
M2C, UNICAEN, NU, INSU - CNRS, UNIROUEN, NU, CNRS, BOREA, MNHN, IRD, SU, CNRS, UA, BOREA, UNICAEN, NU, MNHN, IRD, SU, CNRS, UA, ULaval, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, NIOZ, UKZN, UMR MARBEC, IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, UM, IMR, IMR, UiB, UR EABX, INRAE, MIAME, UPPA, INRAE, OFB, Institut Agro