Lutte contre les noyades : la sécurité de la baignade est une affaire de famille
En France, chaque année, les plus jeunes payent un lourd tribut à la noyade : celle-ci est la principale cause de mortalité par accident de la vie courante. Comment les adolescents appréhendent-ils ce risque ? Quel rôle leurs parents ont-ils à jouer ? Une nouvelle étude esquisse des pistes de réponses.
(28/06/2026)
UR ETTIS, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
DroneSCAT: A Drone-Borne and Low-Cost Microwave Scatterometer for Subsurface Imaging
Using low cost and commercial elements, we designed and realized a drone-borne microwave scatterometer in the 1-6 GHz range for subsurface imaging applications. The core of the instrument of a portable vector network analyzer associated to lightweight horn antennas produced using 3D printing. It is carried by DJI drones and accurate positioning is performed with the help of the free Centipede GNSS system. We validated our DroneSCAT instrument over a coastal parabolic sand dune, allowing the detection of buried paleosols down to 3 meters. We then tested it for archeological prospecting and detect a strong reflector buried 1 meter deep. The DroneSCAT instrument allows the detection of subsurface structures, with the benefit of a very agile system and without need for contact with the ground.
(Drone Systems and Applications. vol. 14, n° 2564-4939, 25/06/2026)
OASU, UB, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, INRAE, LAB, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, GPR Human Past, PACEA, UB, CNRS, UBM, CNRS, UB, UBM, CNRS, UB, UBM, CNRS, CNRS, UBM, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Protracted ocean circulation slowdown drove exceptional ice-sheet melting during ice age termination IV
Glacial terminations stand out for their high rates of sea-level rise, particularly during meltwater pulses. Termination IV (T-IV; ~340,000 years before present) is a prominent example, with sea level rising at up to ~5 m per century. Due to sparse absolute age constraints on marine records, the causes for the high rates of sea-level rise at T-IV remain elusive. In this work, we provide a speleothem chronology from northern Italy, which we transpose to North Atlantic marine records. We infer that the high T-IV sea-level rise rate likely relates to a feedback whereby protracted meltwater release caused enhanced ocean heat storage, followed by heat release upon circulation recovery, driving additional ice-sheet collapse. This analysis highlights the critical role of oceanic feedbacks in driving exceptional rates of sea-level rise during terminations.
Middle to Late Pleistocene climate records feature sharp transitions between maximum glacial and interglacial climate conditions, referred to as glacial terminations 1-3 . Terminations were first identified in benthic foraminiferal stable oxygen isotope (δ 18 O b ) records from deepocean sediment cores 4,5 , where negative δ 18 O b shifts were ascribed to ice-volume reduction and associated release of 18 O-depleted meltwater to the ocean 6,7 . Independent sea-level reconstructions 8-11 have corroborated this picture and provided quantitative insights, showing strong agreement with individual and stacked benthic δ 18 O b time series that reflect both deep-ocean temperature and ice volume changes 12,13 . Detailed inspection of terminations reveals that ice-sheet retreat is not gradual; instead, there were times of accelerated collapse that led to meltwater pulses and remarkably high rates of sea-level rise 10,14 . Glacial terminations are also punctuated by millennial-scale climate perturbations, with abrupt shifts in oceanic and atmospheric temperatures and ocean circulation 15,16 that likely reflect bi-stability of the Atlantic
(Nature Communications. vol. 17, n° 2041-1723, pp. 5675, 16/06/2026)
NTU, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IMPA, CCMAR, UAlg, IGEC, Xjtu, CEPAM, UNS, CNRS, UniCA, GEOAZUR 7329, INSU - CNRS, UniCA, CNRS, IRD [Occitanie], IRD, UniCA, HNHP, MNHN, UPVD, CNRS
Coastal ecosystem degradation driven by decades of unregulated terrestrial mining
Anthropogenic land-based disturbances can cascade into the sea, altering coastal ecosystems over long timescales. Mining exemplifies this land-sea connectivity, yet its full environmental footprint is underestimated when marine impacts are overlooked. Here, we investigate long-term coastal changes associated with nickel mining using a paleoecological approach in New Caledonia. A 226-cm sediment core spanning ~1000 years was analysed, combining ancient sedimentary DNA, foraminifera, and geochemistry. Since its onset in 1875, mining has modified sediment run-off and microbial assemblages. The most pronounced changes occurred in the 1960s after the mechanisation of extraction tools, which intensified soil erosion and increased sediment run-off, altering the richness and structure of both microeukaryotic and foraminiferal communities. Although post-1975 regulations mitigated nickel-rich run-off, persistent ecological disturbances remain. These findings highlight how terrestrial disturbances can induce long-term changes in coastal ecosystems, emphasising that land and sea should be studied and managed as a connected continuum.
(Communications Earth & Environment. vol. 7, n° 2662-4435, pp. 494, 16/06/2026)
DYNECO, IFREMER, ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie], IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie], IFREMER, UNC, CNRS, CCEM, IFREMER, LOCEAN-VALCO, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité, GEO-OCEAN, UBS, IFREMER, INSU - CNRS, UBO EPE, CNRS, ENTROPIE [Réunion], IRD, UR, CNRS, IMPMC, MNHN, SU, CNRS, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, IP Paris, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Are bio-sourced nanoplastics inert for aquatic species? A toxicity study on three micro-algae species and a freshwater bivalve
Concerns raised by ubiquitate plastic contamination are urging to develop alternative materials. In the recent years, bio-sourced polymers also coined as "bioplastics" have been proposed to mitigate plastic pollution while meeting industrial and commercial expectations. Like petrosourced plastics, they are expected to break-down in the environment into fragments down to sub-micron size. However, only scarce data are available on the impacts of such biosourced nanoplastics once released into the environment. This study examines the effects on aquatic species of model nanoplastics made from several bio-sourced polymers (Bio-NPs) that are either already on market (PHA, PLA, PA11) or still under development (NIPU, PCAR). We exposed three species of micro-algae (at 10, 100, and 1000 µg/L, for 24 and 48 hours, and one week) to test the effects of Bio-NPs on algal growth. We also exposed freshwater bivalves C. fluminea (at 1, 10 and 100 µg/L, for one week) to test the filtration activity and gene expressions in response to Bio-NPs exposure. All five Bio-NPs tested generated growth inhibitions in at least one of the three algae tested. PLA and PA11 were the most deleterious ones for algal growth among the five tested Bio-NPs. The highest growth inhibitions were observed on the fresh water species D. subspicatus. Each Bio-NP tested resulted in significant decreases of the filtration rates of C. fluminea. PHA impaired filtration at the lowest concentrations tested (1 µg/L) whereas PCAR, PA11 and NIPU led to significant effects only at higher concentrations (10 and 100 µg/L). The results from gene expressions in C. fluminea showed strong inductions of all gene functions tested for all the five bio-NPs tested. These Bio-NPs triggered endocytosis and detoxification mechanisms. They impaired the mitochondrial metabolism and triggered oxidative stress and immune responses. PA11, NIPU and PHA exposures resulted in the strongest gene regulations. The present study brings brand new findings about a kind of nanoplastics that may be released into the environment in a near future as the use of bioplastics is growing fast. It will help better understanding the impacts of such fragmented bioplastic NPs on aquatic species.
(16/06/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LCPO, UB, ENSCBP, INC-CNRS, CNRS, LCPO, UB, ENSCBP, INC-CNRS, CNRS, UB, OASU, UB, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, INRAE, CNRS
Assessment of open science practices in marine sciences: results of the ANR SODIO project The projects
Assessing the impacts of human activities and climate change on biogeochemical cycles and marine ecosystems, as well as ensuring sustainable management of coastal and ocean water quality, constitute major challenges for scientists and policymakers. However, identifying these impacts is challenging due to the high variability of environmental conditions and limited data availability. To address this issue, French research funding agencies have been promoting open science, the unhindered dissemination of research outputs, methods and data, for several years. This initiative is based on the development of a national research infrastructure dedicated to Earth data, Data Terra, with ODATIS forming the pole dedicated to French coastal and marine data. This infrastructure is designed to assist the research community in complying with the EU INSPIRE Directive. However, open science practices within the French marine community, particularly with regard to data sharing and management, remain inconsistent and are not yet fully systematic. The ANR RESO SODIO project aims to enhance awareness of the current state of open science practices within the French marine research community. Specifically, it targets scientific projects funded by the INSU LEFE CYBER call, which supports multidisciplinary research projects at deepening our understanding of biogeochemical cycles and how marine ecosystems function, in order to improve our assessment of their past and future changes. Some of these projects focused on the Bay of Biscay, such as VOG, which was dedicated to studying the biological and geochemical processes of the western Gironde salt marsh, or DYCIDEMAIN, which investigated carbon dynamics at the exchange interfaces of temperate tidal marshes in the Île de Ré area. The primary objectives of SODIO are threefold: firstly, to understand the data sharing practices in place for these projects; secondly, to identify any barriers to open data sharing; and thirdly, to propose tools to help the community. Since 2014, LEFE CYBER has supported over 130 projects led by 96 principal investigators (PIs). A survey was conducted among project leaders (PIs) to assess their data storage and sharing practices, as well as their needs. The first requests to complete the questionnaire were sent out in June 2025. It took up to four reminders to obtain a significant number of responses by February 2026. PIs were also asked to provide any additional information or feedback they thought would be helpful, if necessary. Twenty-nine PIs agreed to be interviewed. This was carried out between September 2025 and March 2026. The results, based on a good response rate (75%), reveal that fewer than half of the respondents actively encourage their partners to archive their data, and some believe it is not their responsibility. The most commonly cited benefits of data archiving include data reuse, transparency and reproducibility, scientific valorisation, institutional mandates, data producer protection and journal editorial requirements. The most frequently reported obstacles include a lack of knowledge about data repositories and the need for technical support to prepare data, including metadata, documentation and format selection for handling diverse data types. There is also limited awareness of existing platforms, particularly for certain data types such as codes and model outputs, and for large datasets, such as images. The PIs also highlight challenges related to the interoperability of multi-source data and the absence (or knowledge) of a common nomenclature, particularly for biological data. The heterogeneity and diversity of national, European and international platforms also makes selecting the most suitable solution difficult. Furthermore, feedback suggests that colleagues may not be fully engaged, particularly in collaborative projects, or that they may not fully apprehend the importance of data archiving in comparison to only publication in journals. Furthermore, some researchers have emphasised that the two-year archiving period after the project ends is insufficient for preserving the scientific value of the data. Many continue to store their data locally (on personal computers or external hard drives), which increases the risk of data loss due to hardware failure or staff turnover. In light of these outcomes, the ANR RESO SODIO project, along with the help of the projet SO’ODATIS, will now develop a series of tutorials and practical guides to encourage good practices in data management within the French marine research community. The purpose of this presentation is to share these findings with a broader audience and encourage discussion on data opening and management practices
(16/06/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LOG, INSU - CNRS, ULCO, CNRS, IRD [Ile-de-France], OSU ECCE TERRA, ENS-PSL, PSL, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, INSU - CNRS, IGN, CNRS, CNES, INRAE
Reconstructing the Exhumation and Paleo‐Earthquake History of a Submarine Normal Fault From Preserved Markers at the Seafloor (Roseau Fault, Lesser Antilles, France)
Assessing seismic and tsunami hazards along coastlines requires understanding past earthquakes and their recurrence along active submarine faults. Subaqueous paleoseismology commonly relies on sediment cores and seismic reflection data, but these methods may be limited by local site conditions or data quality. To overcome these limitations, a new approach using submersible‐based optical imagery can provide valuable insights into the paleoseismic history of submarine faults. In this study, we conducted a near‐bottom geological survey using submersibles along the Roseau normal fault (Lesser Antilles, France). This fault can host a M7 event if broken entirely. In 2004, it generated the Mw6.3 Les Saintes earthquake that produced a prominent coseismic ribbon at its base. High‐resolution submersible observations of the fault free face allowed mapping and characterizing detailed fault scarp morphologies, including new deformation markers such as abrasion bands, notches, roughness variations, dark bands, and uplifted sediments. These geomorphic markers form on the seafloor and are interpreted as records of fault scarp exhumation linked to changes in base level driven by sedimentation and tectonic activity. At one site, the observed morphology can be explained by three distinct earthquakes combined with episodes of rapid sedimentation. The penultimate earthquake produced a minimum vertical offset of 3 m, exceeding the 1.4 m slip associated with the 2004 event, indicating that it was at least as energetic. Sedimentation rates from nearby cores indicate that this penultimate event occurred much more recently than 2.8 kyr. These results demonstrate the value of submersible‐based offshore fault studies for reconstructing seismic histories.
(Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. vol. 27, pp. e2026GC012905, 11/06/2026)
GEOAZUR 7329, INSU - CNRS, UniCA, CNRS, IRD [Occitanie], IRD, UniCA, LGENS, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ENS-PSL, PSL, IPGP - UMR_7154, INSU - CNRS, IGN, UR, IPG Paris, CNRS, UPCité, GFZ, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, iSTeP, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, CY
Modélisation morphodynamique de cordons dunaires en remobilisation sur le littoral de Nouvelle-Aquitaine
À la suite de l'hiver 2013-2014, les cordons dunaires de la côte aquitaine, fortement impactés par l'érosion marine, évoluent principalement sous l'effet des processus éoliens. Sur plusieurs kilomètres, des systèmes historiquement fixés par la végétation ont progressivement migré vers l'intérieur des terres sous forme de dunes aérodynamiques. Ces dynamiques offrent l'opportunité d'étudier les processus de remobilisation dunaire. Les modèles morphodynamiques éoliens constituent des outils prometteurs pour simuler ces processus, mais peu d'études ont évalué leur capacité à reproduire les observations in situ. À partir de données de vent, transport sédimentaire et topographie collectées lors de la campagne AEOLEX-1 sur le site de La Teste, cette étude évalue les performances du modèle DUNA. Les résultats montrent une bonne reproduction des processus physiques : le vent est correctement simulé (R² > 0,7 pour l'intensité, R² > 0,91 pour la direction) et, moyennant une calibration du paramètre separation angle, l'évolution morphologique présentent des erreurs centimétriques sur une année pour une dune de 25 m de hauteur. DUNA constitue ainsi un outil adapté pour l'étude de l'évolution des dunes peu végétalisées et offre des perspectives pour l'appui à la gestion des cordons dunaires remobilisés.
(Revue Paralia, n° 1760-8716, 09/06/2026)
BRGM, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CEFREM, UPVD, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
L'hydrosystème dunaire littoral dans un contexte de changement global : prémices d'une étude hydrogéologique du continuum océan-dunes-lac en Nouvelle-Aquitaine
(09/06/2026)
BRGM, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Évaluation des pratiques de partage et de bancarisation des données des projets LEFE CYBER : résultats du projet ANR SODIO
Le projet ANR SODIO vise à évaluer les pratiques de partage et de bancarisation des données au sein des projets LEFE CYBER, afin de dresser un état des lieux des pratiques existantes, d’identifier les freins rencontrés par les porteurs de projets et de proposer des pistes d’amélioration. L’étude porte sur les projets menés entre 2014 et 2025 et s’appuie sur un inventaire, une enquête par questionnaire et des entretiens individuels. L’inventaire recense 132 projets et 101 porteurs. L’enquête, menée entre juin 2025 et février 2026, a recueilli 91 réponses issues de cinq organismes de recherche et couvrant 120 projets. Des entretiens individuels ont ensuite été réalisés entre septembre 2025 et mars 2026 auprès de 30 porteurs de projets. Les résultats mettent en évidence un faible niveau de bancarisation effective des données, inférieur à 20 %, malgré un intérêt marqué pour le partage des données scientifiques. Les principaux freins identifiés concernent le manque de temps et de soutien technique, les difficultés liées à la documentation et aux métadonnées, la diversité des formats et des volumes de données, ainsi que la difficulté à identifier un entrepôt adapté. L’étude met également en évidence une compréhension encore hétérogène de la notion de bancarisation. Ces résultats permettent de dégager plusieurs pistes d’amélioration, notamment le renforcement de l’interopérabilité, la sensibilisation et l’accompagnement des chercheurs, ainsi que la mise à disposition de guides et de ressources pratiques pour faciliter la bancarisation des données au sein de la communauté LEFE CYBER.
(02/06/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LOG, INSU - CNRS, ULCO, CNRS, IRD [Ile-de-France], OSU ECCE TERRA, ENS-PSL, PSL, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, INSU - CNRS, IGN, CNRS, CNES, INRAE