Comparing proxies for the reconstruction of LGM sea-surface conditions in the northern North Atlantic
(Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 25, n° 0277-3791, pp. 2820-2834, 01/11/2006)
GEOTOP, EPM, UdeM, UQAT, UQAR, UQAM, ICTA, UAB, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CAU, BCCR, BIO / UiB, UiB, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, CLIM, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA
Carbon dioxide in European coastal waters
(Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. vol. 70, n° 0272-7714, pp. 375-387, 01/11/2006)
ULiège, MARE, ULiège, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, MARE, ULiège, LOV, OOVM, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from tropical reservoirs: Significance of downstream rivers
Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and water-air fluxes were measured in three tropical reservoirs and their respective rivers downstream of the dams. From reservoirs, CH4 and CO2 flux were in the range of 3 +/- 2 and 254 +/- 392 mmol.m-2.d-1, respectively. Rivers downstream of dams were significantly enriched in CH4 and CO2 originating from reservoir hypolimnions. From rivers, CH4 and CO2 flux were in the range of 60 +/- 38 and 859 +/- 400 mmol.m-2.d-1, respectively. Despite their relatively small surfaces, rivers downstream of dams accounted for a significant fraction (9-33% for CH4 and 7-25% for CO2) of the emissions across the reservoir surfaces classically taken into account for reservoirs. A significant fraction of CH4 appeared to degas at the vicinity of the dam (turbines and spillways), although it could not be quantified.
(Geophysical Research Letters. vol. 33, n° 0094-8276, pp. 21407, 01/11/2006)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LMTG, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, CNRS, LAERO, IRD, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CNRM, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, Comue de Toulouse
The French Atlantic margin and deep-sea submarine systems
The sedimentary infill of the Bay of Biscay off Ireland, UK, France and Spain took place in four phases. The last one (35 Ma to present) is characterised by gravitational, pelagic, contouritic and glacigenic processes leading to the setup of three deep sea systems. To the North, the Celtic and Armorican fans are fed by a "canyon-dominated" margin and its connection with the "Manche" palaeoriver, which drained a large area of western Europe. To the South, the Cap-Ferret fan results from the evolution of a "tectonic-dominated" margin and the erosion of the Pyrenee mountains.
(Geo-Marine Letters. vol. 26, n° 0276-0460, pp. 311-315, 28/10/2006)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Introduction to “Turbidite systems off France and the Lesser Antilles”
Without Abstract
(Geo-Marine Letters. vol. 26, n° 0276-0460, pp. 305-310, 28/10/2006)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Evidence of an altered protective effect of metallothioneins after cadmium exposure in the digenean parasite-infected cockle (Cerastoderma edule)
The aim of the present study was to analyse the relation between parasitism and subsequent metallothioneins (MT) in the case of metal contamination. Experimental exposure of parasitized and unparasitized cockles (Cerastoderma edule) to cadmium (Cd) was performed, with the cockle as first or second intermediate host of 2 digenean species. After 7 days of Cd exposure in microcosms, cockles infected as first intermediate host byLabratrema minimusexhibited metal concentrations in tissues double that in uninfected cockles. Jointly, MT concentrations of parasitized cockles were not modified in comparison with uninfected individuals in which concentrations were increased 4·3-fold compared with controls. In cockles experimentally infected as the second intermediate host byHimasthla elongata, cadmium concentrations significantly increased again in parasitized cockles compared with uninfected individuals in contaminated conditions. Simultaneously, MT concentrations in healthy cockles increased, whereas they significantly decreased in parasitized individuals. Therefore, the presence of digenean parasites in Cd-exposed cockles leads to a maintenance or a decrease in MT concentrations compared with healthy individuals, whereas Cd accumulation in tissues is significantly increased. These experiments indicate a significant alteration of the protective effect of metallothioneins towards metals which could consequently enhance cockle vulnerability. Moreover, these results highlight the limit of the use of MT as a biomarker of metal pollution in field monitoring if parasitism is not taken into account.
(Parasitology. vol. 134, n° 0031-1820, pp. 237, 11/10/2006)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Empirical Estimation of Nearshore Waves From a Global Deep-Water Wave Model
Global wind-wave models such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WaveWatch 3 (NWW3) play an important role in monitoring the world's oceans. However, untransformed data at grid points in deep water provide a poor estimate of swell characteristics at nearshore locations, which are often of significant scientific, engineering, and public interest. Explicit wave modeling, such as the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN), is one method for resolving the complex wave transformations affected by bathymetry, winds, and other local factors. However, obtaining accurate bathymetry and determining parameters for such models is often difficult. When target data is available (i.e., from in situ buoys or human observers), empirical alternatives such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) and linear regression may be considered for inferring nearshore conditions from offshore model output. Using a sixfold cross-validation scheme, significant wave height Hs and period were estimated at one onshore and two nearshore locations. In estimating Hs at the shoreline, the validation performance of the best ANN was r=0.91, as compared to those of linear regression (0.82), SWAN (0.78), and the NWW3 Hs baseline (0.54)
(IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. vol. 3, n° 1545-598X, pp. 462-466, 01/10/2006)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Report on the 2nd international meeting of the IUGS lower Cretaceous ammonite working group, the “Kilian Group” (Neuchâtel, Switzerland, 8 September 2005)
(Cretaceous Research. vol. 27 (5), n° 0195-6671, pp. 712-715, 01/10/2006)
LGL-TPE, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INSU - CNRS, UJM, CNRS, UNSA, PEPS, UCBL, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LGCA, OSUG, UJF, Grenoble INP, INSU - CNRS, IRSTEA, USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry], CNRS, CNRS, LDO, INSU - CNRS, UBO EPE, CNRS
Eastern Australia: A possible source of dust in East Antarctica interglacial ice
The Australian continent is characterised by an extremely variable surficial geochemistry, reflecting the varied lithology of Australian basement rocks. Samples representative of Australian aeolian dust have been collected in (1) regions where meteorological records, satellite observation and wind erosion modelling systems have indicated frequent dust activity today (mainly the Lake Eyre Basin), and (2) from deposits of mixed dust materials. The 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd isotopic composition of the fine (< 5 μm) fraction of Australian dust samples was measured for comparison with the Sr and Nd isotopic composition of fine aeolian dust that reached the interior of the East Antarctic Plateau. The isotopic field for Australian dust is characterised by 87Sr/86Sr ratios ranging from 0.709 to 0.732 and εNd(0) between − 3 and − 15. The low Sr radiogenic values and εNd(0) of − 3 obtained for Lake Eyre samples are explained by the lithology of the Lake Eyre catchment showing a dominance of Tertiary intraplate volcanic material. These new data show that the dust contribution from Australia could have been dominant during interglacial periods (Holocene and Marine Isotopic Stage 5.5) to Antarctica. During glacial times, studies have shown that the South American dust isotopic signature overlaps the glacial Antarctic dust field suggesting this region as dominant aeolian dust source. However, the Australian Lake Eyre dust isotopic signature partially overlaps with the Antarctic glacial dust signature. We propose that the relatively greater contribution of Australian dust inferred for Antarctic interglacial ice compared with glacial ice is not directly reflective of changes in dust transport pathway, but instead is related to a differential weakening of the South American sources during interglacial time with respect to the Australia sources. Our findings have implications for interglacial versus glacial atmospheric circulation, at least in the Southern Hemisphere.
(Earth and Planetary Science Letters. vol. 249, n° 0012-821X, pp. 1-13, 15/09/2006)
GEOAZUR 7329, INSU - CNRS, UniCA, CNRS, IRD [Occitanie], UniCA, LGCA, OSUG, UJF, Grenoble INP, INSU - CNRS, IRSTEA, USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry], CNRS, CNRS, ANU, UNIMIB, CEREGE, IRD, AMU, CdF (institution), INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, Tectonophysique, UM2, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Massive sand beds attributed to deposition by dense water cascades in the Bourcart canyon head, Gulf of Lions (northwestern Mediterranean Sea)
Nowadays, the Gulf of Lions continental shelf and slope are under the influence of dense water cascading, wind-induced bottom currents and the geostrophic Northern Current. In order to characterize sedimentary activity at the shelf break, several interface and piston cores were taken in the Bourcart canyon head and a current meter equipped with temperature, conductivity, pressure and turbidity sensors was moored during the 2003–2004 winter season. Even if the canyon is not connected directly to continental sources since Last Glacial Maximum, detailed grain size, X-ray and sediment facies analysis of interface cores show that down to 350 m water depth, the canyon head is blanketed by up to 1.5 m of structureless muddy medium-grained sand. 210Pbexc activity measurements demonstrate present day sedimentary activity of the canyon head. Time series of currents with peak velocity reaching 0.37 m/s, suspended sediment concentration and temperature indicate that dense water cascading is the main process allowing the reworking, transport and accumulation of sand within the canyon head, even though winter 2003–2004 was characterized by low cascading events compared to other years. These sand beds, called “cascadite” constitute a new type of deposit that differs from other typical slope deposits (turbidites, hyperpycnites, contourites) in terms of flow duration and sedimentological characteristics. They are similar to shallow water contourites. They might be time-equivalent to the recent turbidites described throughout the deep western Gulf of Lions basin.
(Marine Geology. vol. 234, n° 0025-3227, pp. 111-128, 05/09/2006)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, GM, IFREMER, ICM, CSIC, LDO, INSU - CNRS, UBO EPE, CNRS