ECHIBIOTEB : Outils innovants d’Échantillonnage, d’analyses CHImiques et BIOlogiques pour le suivi de Traitements avancés des Eaux usées et des Boues
Le projet ECHIBIOTEB s’inscrit dans un cadre de recherche industrielle et s’intègre principalement dans l’axe thématique n°5 de l’appel à projets ECOTECH. Il fait suite au projet AMPERES (Projet ANR PRECODD 2005, Analyse de micropolluants prioritaires et émergents dans les rejets et les eaux superficielles) et complète l'évaluation des filières de procédés avancés de traitement des eaux et des procédés de traitement des boues étudiées dans le projet ARMISTIQ (Projet Convention ONEMA-Cemagref 2010). Plus précisément, il prévoit le développement et/ou l'amélioration des connaissances sur des outils et techniques innovantes d'échantillonnage et de mesures chimiques et biologiques pour la caractérisation de la qualité des eaux urbaines et des boues avant et après traitement. Les outils innovants mis en oeuvre sont des échantillonneurs intégratifs pour améliorer la représentativité et la sensibilité des résultats d'analyses des micropolluants, des méthodologies de screening (GC-2D-TOF, SPME/GC/TOF et SPME/LC/TOF) pour identifier de nouvelles molécules et produits de dégradation, des biotests in vitro et in vivo pour prendre en compte les effets biologiques des mélanges, une démarche "effect-directed analysis" (EDA) pour isoler et permettre l'identification de nouvelles molécules actives, et des tests pour la caractérisation in situ de la matière organique dissoute susceptible de moduler la toxicité des micropolluants. Le projet s’intéresse au traitement complémentaire des eaux usées issues des procédés secondaires, d'une part, aux procédés intensifs compacts (oxydation à l’ozone, aux rayons UV, adsorption sur charbon actif, osmose inverse) plutôt applicables aux collectivités de taille importante ou à forte pression foncière, et d'autre part, aux procédés extensifs autonomes et de taille moins ramassée (zones humides, écoulement sur milieu filtrant dans le sol naturel ou rapporté), procédés souvent rencontrés dans les petites collectivités, mais envisageables en sortie de traitement secondaires de boues activées conventionnelles de moyenne taille. Le choix des procédés étudiés de traitement de boues s'est porté sur le compostage (avec digestion anaérobie en amont), plutôt adapté aux grandes collectivités, et la rhizofiltration caractéristique de petites stations. La mise en oeuvre d'un panel aussi large d'outils innovants est en soi originale et devrait permettre d'améliorer les connaissances sur leurs domaines d'application comparés et leur complémentarité. Au terme du projet, des guides de bonne exploitation des différents outils innovants pour la caractérisation des procédés de traitement des eaux et des boues seront disponibles. Nous proposerons aussi des stratégies de déploiement de ces outils et d'interprétation des données issues de ces technologies innovantes pour faciliter les schémas de gestion et la prise de décision par les industriels et les collectivités territoriales vis à vis de l’implémentation de la DCE. L'application particulièrement novatrice de ces outils à des procédés avancés de traitement des eaux devrait permettre d'établir une liste (non exhaustive) de nouveaux composés indésirables et d’anticiper les législations futures. Au terme du projet, un bilan de la comparaison de l'efficacité des procédés (eaux et boues) étudiés sera dressé (en lien avec le projet ARMISTIQ) et une méthodologie de diagnostic des performances des procédés de traitement des eaux usées et des boues vis à vis des micropolluants sera proposée.
(pp. 1, 08/11/2011)
UR MALY, CEMAGREF, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INERIS, UP11, IRSTEA
Impacts morpho-sédimentaires des jökulhlaups fini-pléistocènes et holocènes du système fluviatile Þjórsá-Tungnaá (Sud-Islande)
(01/11/2011)
OASU, UB, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LGO, UBS, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS, ADES, UBM, CNRS, IRSTEA, CSIRO ESRE, CSIRO
Du terrain aux modèles numériques : modélisation des jökulhlaups du système fluviatile Þjórsá-Tungnaá (Sud-Islande)
(01/11/2011)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IRSTEA, CSIRO ESRE, CSIRO, OASU, UB, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, INRAE, LGO, UBS, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS
Failure processes and gravity-flow transformation revealed by high-resolution AUV swath bathymetry on the Nice continental slope (Ligurian Sea)
The continental slope offshore Nice is a natural laboratory to investigate submarine landslides and gravity-flow processes. Using EM300 bathymetry data (spatial resolution of 25 m), about 250 scars with volume less than 8 × 108 m3 were identified. The AUV bathymetric data (spatial resolution of 2 m) revealed a greater number of scar-related failures with two main morphologies: some scars are affected by retrogressive processes of erosion, suggesting failures were triggered a long time ago, while other scars exhibit no evidence of post-failure erosion, suggesting they could have been triggered recently. Downslope from the scars, there are scattered blocks, on average 5-m high and 40-m wide, and well-developed asymmetrical waves, on average 2-m high and 20-m in wavelength. Such evolution could be evidence for the transformation of the remobilized deposits into cohesive flows then turbulent flows. Such transformation took place over a distance of less than 6-8 km.
(Submarine mass movements and their consequences. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research series. vol. 31, pp. 451-461, 12/10/2011)
GEOAZUR 6526, IRD, UPMC, UNS, INSU - CNRS, UniCA, CNRS, GM, IFREMER, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Orbital timing of the Indian, East Asian and African boreal monsoons and the concept of a 'global monsoon',
Our understanding of monsoon circulation timing's at the orbital scale is currently a matter of debate. Here, we compare previous and recently published results of Indian, East Asian, West African and East African monsoon variability. We note different timings between the East African, West African, Indian and East-Asian monsoon systems for the most recent 45 ka, where the age models are constrained by AMS dating. On this basis, we construct different orbital forcing "reference curves" and apply them to the 200 ka time period for the different monsoon systems. Our results indicate that the 'global monsoon' concept at the orbital scale is a misnomer. We find real regional differences in the timing of the monsoon response to orbital forcing and differences in the weight of precession and obliquity in the monsoon records. This work highlights the necessity of studies aimed at understanding the underlying physics of these regional response patterns. This is crucial to a better understanding of monsoon dynamics and improved climate model simulations and comparisons with proxy data
(Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 30, n° 0277-3791, pp. 3705-3715, 10/10/2011)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, GEOAZUR 6526, IRD, UPMC, UNS, INSU - CNRS, UniCA, CNRS
Effects of uranium uptake on transcriptional responses, histological structures and survival rate of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii
This work aims to investigate the accumulation levels and effects (transcriptional responses, histopathology and survival rate) associated with a wide range of dissolved uranium (U) concentrations (0, 0.03, 0.6, 4 and 8. mg/L of U) on adult male crayfish Procambarus clarkii during 4 (T4) and 10 (T10) days of exposure. The follow-up of the crayfish mortality showed that P. clarkii was highly resistant to U. Increasing waterborne U concentrations led to increasing bioaccumulation in key crayfish organs and increasing histological damages. U distribution in tissues was also evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and showed the presence of a detoxified form of U in the gill's epithelium in the shape of flakes. Expression levels of mitochondrial genes (cox1, atp6 and 12S gene) and genes involved in oxidative stress (sod(Mn) and mt) were examined together with the housekeeping gene 18S. atp6 and mt genes of P. clarkii were cloned and sequenced before analysis. Significant correlations were observed between U bioaccumulation and the down-regulation of both cox1 and sod(Mn) genes. This work provides a first U toxicogenomic and histopathological pattern of P. clarkii, identify U biomarkers and associate gene expression endpoints to accumulation levels. It also provides new insights into the mechanisms involved in U stress. © 2011.
(Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. vol. 74, n° 0147-6513, pp. 1800--1807, 01/10/2011)
IRSN/DEI/SECRE/LRE, IRSN/DEI/SECRE, IRSN, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Highly branched isoprenoids as proxies for variable sea ice conditions in the Southern Ocean
Concentrations of a highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) diene determined in over 200 sediment samples from the Arctic co-vary with those of an HBI monoene (IP 25) shown previously to be a sedimentary sea ice proxy for the Arctic. The same diene, but not monoene IP 25 , occurred in nine sea ice samples collected from various locations around Antarctica. The diene has been reported previously in Antarctic sea ice diatoms and the 13 C isotopic compositions of the diene determined in two Antarctic sea ice samples were also consistent with an origin from sea ice diatoms (d 13 C-5.7 to-8.5%). In contrast, HBIs found in two Antarctic phytoplankton samples did not include the diene but comprised a number of tri-to pentaenes. In sediment samples collected near Adélie Land, East Antarctica, both the diene and the tri-to pentaenes often co-occurred. 13 C isotopic compositions of the tri-to pentaenes in three sediment samples ranged from-35 to-42% whereas that of the diene in a sediment sample was-18%. We propose the presence of this isotopically 13 C enriched HBI diene in Antarctic sediments to be a useful proxy indicator for contributions of organic matter derived from sea ice diatoms. A ratio of the concentrations of diene/ trienes might reflect the relative contributions of sea ice to phytoplanktonic inputs of organic matter to Antarctic sediments.
(Antarctic Science. vol. 23, n° 0954-1020, pp. 487-498, 01/10/2011)
LOCEAN, IPSL, ENS-PSL, PSL, UVSQ, UPMC, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, IP Paris, CNES, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, BGC, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
The 7-13 March 2006 major Saharan outbreak: Multiproxy characterization of mineral dust deposited on the West African margin
Mineral dust deposits were collected at Mbour, Senegal, throughout the spring of 2006 and especially during the well-documented March 7-13 large Saharan dust outbreak. During this 7-day period, significant changes in mass flux, grain-size, clay mineralogy and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions were recorded, indicating distinct provenances for the dust transported and deposited during and outside the event. All these terrigenous proxies, as well as freshwater diatom taxa, also showed significant temporal variations during the outbreak, implying contributions from at least two different provenance regions. Tri-dimensional back-trajectories and satellite imaging enabled us to link those distinct signatures to regions increasingly to the southeast within a large area covering Mauritania, Mali and southern Algeria, identified by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) as the main source of the prominent winter/spring plume over the tropical Atlantic. The multiproxy characterization of the March 7-13 dust fall therefore enables us to typify the terrigenous signature of two different regions supplying dust off West Africa, and provide valuable clues for the interpretation of Northeastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean dust sedimentary records in terms of changes in provenance regions and transport systems. Additionally, because dust deposition data are scarce, flux and grain size data obtained in this study, among other parameters such as clay assemblages, provide important constraints for atmospheric transport models and dust deposition budget estimates in this area.
(Journal of Geophysical Research. vol. 116, n° 0148-0227, pp. D18210, 29/09/2011)
MPIC, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, NIOZ, MARUM, LOA, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LISA (UMR_7583), INSU - CNRS, UPD7, UPEC UP12, CNRS, LTHE, OSUG, UJF, Grenoble INP, INSU - CNRS, IRSTEA, USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry], CNRS, IRD, INSU - CNRS, INPG, CNRS, IMAGO
Cloning, characterization and gene expression of a metallothionein isoform in the edible cockle Cerastoderma edule after cadmium or mercury exposure
Metallothionein (MT) genes encode crucial metal-binding proteins ubiquitously expressed in living organisms and which play important roles in homeostasis of essential metals and detoxification processes. Here, the molecular organization of the first metallothionein gene of the edible cockle Cerastoderma edule and its expression after cadmium (Cd) or mercury (Hg) exposures were determined. The resulting sequence (Cemt1) exhibits unusual features. The full length cDNA encodes a protein of 73 amino acids with nine classical Cys-X((1-3))-Cys motifs, but also one Cys-Cys not generally found in molluscan MT. Moreover, characterization of the molecular organization of the Cemt1 gene revealed two different alleles (A1 and A2) with length differences due to large deletion events in their intronic sequences involving direct Short Interspersed repeated Elements (SINE), while their exonic sequences were identical. To our knowledge, such large excision mechanisms have never before been reported in a bivalve gene sequence. After 10 days of Cd exposure at environmentally relevant doses, quantitative real-time PCR revealed a strong induction of Cemt1 in gills of C. edule. Surprisingly, neither induction of the Cemt1 gene nor of MT protein was shown after Hg exposure, despite the fact that this organism is able to bioaccumulate a high amount of this trace metal which is theoretically one of the most powerful inducers of MT biosynthesis.
(Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. vol. 75, n° 0147-6513, pp. 119-126, 28/09/2011)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Estimateurs non paramétriques appliqués à des données valvométriques
Dans cette présentation, diverses méthodes statistiques sont explorées pour analyser des mesures valvométriques c'est-à-dire des enregistrements d'écartement de la coquille de mollusques bivalves comme par exemple, d'huîtres. Nous décrivons dans un premier temps l'allure du signal ainsi que ses caractéristiques principales. Nous essayons ensuite de le séparer en deux parties correspondant respectivement à des valeurs élevées ou basses de l'ouverture de la coquille. Nous utilisons pour cela un estimateur à noyau avec une fenêtre de lissage qui impose la présence de deux modes dans notre estimation. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons à la détection de pics dans ce signal, en présence de bruit. Des méthodes utilisant des décomposition en ondelettes sont, pour cela, décrites. Enfin, des considérations logicielles sont évoquées.
(05/09/2011)
IMB, UB, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CQFD, IMB, UB, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, Inria