Global biomass burning : a synthesis and review of Holocene paleofire records and their controls
(Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 65, n° 0277-3791, pp. 5-25, 13/04/2026)
PACEA, UB, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, SAGES, UOR, CPCC, UOR, OCCR, UNIBE, UNIBE, LCE, CNRS, UFC, UBFC
Biodiversité marine : chapitre 6
A l'échelle du golfe de Gascogne et de ses zones côtières et littorales, les suivis de la biodiversité montrent d'importantes variations annuelles d'abondance e de répartition géographique des espèces en relation avec le climat. Les tendances actuelles montrent que la biodiversité va évoluer vers une augmentation de représentativité des espèces tempérées chaudes, une modification de la phénologies des espèces et de la productivité des écosystèmes.
(pp. 173-188, 13/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UR EPBX, IRSTEA, LERAR, COAST, IFREMER, IRSTEA, IFREMER, MNHN, UPMC
Benthic and Planktic Foraminifera as Indicators of Late Glacial to Holocene Paleoclimatic Changes in a Marginal Environment: An Example from the Southeastern Bay of Biscay.
Benthic and planktic foraminiferal assemblages from two sediment cores (2,000 m depth, 44 degrees 33'N, 2 degrees 45'W) were analyzed to first compare modern and dead faunas and next to study changes in the hydrology of the southeastern Bay of Biscay (SE BoB) over the last 12.8 cal ka BP. Considering benthic ecosystem characteristics, the first part of the paleorecord (12.8-7.6 cal ka BP) is composed of laminated sediments that may have resulted from turbiditic overflow events, whereas occurrences of transported species (e. g. Nonionella sp., Cassidulina carinata) attest of continental influence at the core location. After 7.6 cal ka BP, the sediment becomes bioturbated concomitantly to the stabilization of the sea-level. The benthic foraminiferal fauna is largely dominated by Uvigerina peregrina suggesting a high seasonality with seasonal pulsed organic matter fluxes to the seafloor. On the other hand, the planktic foraminiferal composition indicates that surface water masses were under the influence of the polar front in the early record, which retreated at about 11.5 cal ka BP. The early Holocene is characterized by relatively warm and stratified water masses at 8.4-4.8 cal ka BP. The last 4.8 cal ka BP records a gradual sea surface water cooling trend and enhanced foraminiferal production from similar to 2.6 cal ka BP until present. The early (12.8-10.5 cal ka BP) and late (2.3-1.7 cal ka BP) Holocene are characterized by the presence of the planktic species Globigerinoides ruber probably caused by intrusions of the Iberian Poleward Current (IPC), and a negative state of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).
(Acta Protozoologica. vol. 52, n° 0065-1583, pp. 161-180, 13/04/2026)
BIAF, UA, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, PALEOCEAN, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Use of integrative samplers for the determination of the efficiency of wastewater advanced treatments: case of pharmaceuticals compounds
Introduction. The general objective of the ECHIBIOTEB research program (“Innovating tools for sampling, chemical and biological analyses for the diagnosis of wastewater advanced tertiary treatments and sludge treatments”, 2011-2014, financed by the French National Research Agency) is introduced in a previous presentation. Briefly it consists in developing new tools for the determination of the efficiency of advanced treatments, especially for the sampling. This presentation will describe the potential of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) for the monitoring of pharmaceuticals in water, compared to grab sampling. Analytical methodology. Until today, two campaigns were performed in order to follow the efficiency of ozone (O3) treatment, alone and coupled with Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) by exposing 20 POCIS before and after the wastewater treatment during 28 days. Each triplicate, associated to a field blank, is dedicated to a kind of analysis (pharmaceuticals, alkylphenols, and biological analysis, for example). In parallel, grab samplings were achieved after 0, 14 and 28 days of POCIS exposition in order to compare these two approaches. 104 molecules belonging to several therapeutic classes such as antibiotics, -blockers, antineoplastics, antivirals, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE 5), analgesics, broncholidators, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and psychiatric drugs, lipid regulators and stimulants, were analysed. Therefore, in order to determine the in-situ rate constants of exposed POCIS, 3 Reference Performance Compounds (PRC) were previously added in the adsorbant phase: salbutamol-d3, caffeine-13C and desisopropylatrazin-d5 (DIA d5) and laboratory calibration on pharmaceuticals were performed. Solid Phase Extractions (SPE) were carried out on the different samples depending on compound classes and, then, analyses were performed by liquid phase chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results. Among targeted compounds, 39 molecules were not detected in any samples of wastewater, in the dissolved phase and 32 molecules in any POCIS samplers. As illustrated in Figure 1a, concentrations upstream from the treatments are higher than those downstream; whatever is the nature of wastewater process. Betablockers, macrolides, psychiatric drugs, fluoroquinolones and quinolones are the most abundant compounds upstream these processes and downstream, only two classes (Betablockers and stimulants) remain present as relatively high concentrations. Therefore, it seems that GAC and GAC+O3 treatments involve a drastic reduction of micropollutant concentrations in wastewaters. Regarding concentrations determined in the adsorbant phase of passive samplers (Figure 1b), the tendency between upstream and downstream coincides well with the one of wastewater samples, in terms of pharmaceutical abundances and between samples too. Figure 2 shows that the number of detected targeted compounds depends on the place of sampling (up or downstream) and on the way of sampling (POCIS vs. grab sampling). For the process using granular activated carbon, based on the measurements of 103 molecules, 13 extra compounds are detected in the adsorbant phase of POCIS compared to the dissolved phase, upstream and downstream the process. Until today, regarding the analysis of 93 molecules for ozone+GAC process, the trend is also observed with the detection of 23 and 17 extra compounds, upstream and downstream respectively. These results show the real interest of this sampling mode by the improvement of methodology sensitivity. Laboratory calibration of passive samplers allow to determine rate constants for more than 25 of target compounds and so, to compare directly the results between integrative and grab sampling in terms of concentrations. This methodology of sampling reveals its interest for the quantification of targeted compounds and has been also applied to the analysis of non-targeted compounds in order to complete the knowledge on the efficiency of such process. The presence of pharmaceuticals and non-targeted compounds could explain the potential toxicity of these samples (wastewater and POCIS extracts). Acknowledgements. The authors wish to thank the program ECOTECH-ECHIBIOTEB, the Aquitaine Region and the European Union (CPER A2E project) for financial support. Europe is moving in Aquitaine with the European Regional Development Fund.
(pp. 36, 13/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UR MALY, IRSTEA
Etude intégrée de l’effet des apports amont et locaux sur le fonctionnement de la Garonne estuarienne (ETIAGE) : Addendum année 2 Avril 2011 - Mars 2012
Le programme ETIAGE a été mis en place avec pour objectif de répondre aux questions suivantes : que représentent les apports des effluents de la Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux (CUB) par rapport à ceux venant de l’amont en termes de charge organique et de micro-polluants ? Quels rôles sur le devenir des effluents jouent la présence du bouchon vaseux et la stagnation résiduelle des eaux (déplacement net entre mouvement de flot et de jusant) au niveau de l’estuaire fluvial amont en période d’étiage estival ? Réciproquement, à quels moments et jusqu’où s’étend l’impact de ces effluents sur la qualité des eaux de la Garonne estuarienne ? Quelles incidences des effluents sur le comportement des populations biologiques en place ou migratoires dans la Garonne estuarienne ? Quelle tendance évolutive va connaître l’oxygénation des eaux ? Quel sera l’impact sur le comportement des micro-polluants et des populations biologiques ? Quelles recommandations de gestion pourraient être préconisées à partir de la synthèse des pressions exercées sur les eaux de la Garonne estuarienne ? Le programme est divisé en 5 axes, dont les bilans de travail sont présentés axe par axe.
(pp. 172, 13/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UR EPBX, IRSTEA
Effects of environmental realistic mixture of pesticides on natural biofilms communities with different exposure history
The Morcille River located in the Beaujolais vineyard area (Eastern France), is subjected to strong wine-growing pressure leading to the contamination by a range of herbicides and fungicides of the surrounding fresh water environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential use of passive samplers extracts in order to highlight effects of representative pesticide mixtures on natural biofilm communities with diverse exposure history. Chronic and acute impacts of pesticides in mixture were evaluated using POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) extracts on natural biofilm communities originated from a pesticide contaminated site (downstream site) or a reference site (upstream site). Biofilms were exposed in an artificial channel system to POCIS extracts (PE) or placed in clean water during 13 days in order to model different levels of toxic pressure in relation with a realistic pesticide mixture directly isolated from the field. After 13 days of exposure, significant impacts of PE treatment on growth related parameters and on physiological endpoints were observed. A significant decrease of diatoms density was observed on biofilms exposed to PE compared to non exposed biofilms undependably of biofilm origin. Moreover DW and AFDM were lower for downstream biofilms exposed to PE compared to non exposed biofilms. Taxonomic analyses revealed impacts of mixture of pesticides on diatom composition. Upstream communities exposed or not to PE presented different diatom composition with higher proportion of Nitzschia palea and Eolimna minima for contaminated treatment. Downstream communities exposed or not to PE showed very similar composition at the end of the experiment highlighting the importance of immigration processes in the recovery of diatom assemblages (Morin et al., 2012). In order to evaluate initial tolerance of biofilms to pesticide mixture; acute toxicity tests were realized before the beginning of the channel experiment. Acute exposures revealed a significant higher tolerance for biofilm originated from downstream site compared to biofilms originated from upstream site. This difference of tolerance to PE was related to very different taxonomic compositions in regards to biofilm origin; it reflects adaptation of communities by species selection processes and is an illustration of the PICT concept (Blanck et al., 1988).Our results underline impacts of mixture of pesticides on growth (DW, AFDM and diatoms density), diatom composition, and community tolerance of natural biofilms. This study highlights the potential use of passive sampler extracts combined with acute toxicity tests and chronic exposure experiment in order to evaluate effects of more realistic pesticide mixtures on natural biofilms communities, and then the future and likely applications of such approaches for ecological risk assessment.
(pp. 2, 13/04/2026)
UR REBX, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UR MALY, IRSTEA
Ecological resistance to Acer negundo invasion in a European riparian forest: relative importance of environmental and biotic drivers
Question: The relative importance of environmental vs. biotic resistance of recipient ecological communities remains poorly understood in invasion ecology. Acer negundo, a North American tree, has widely invaded riparian forests throughout Europe at the ecotone between early- (Salix spp. and Populus spp.) and late-successional (Fraxinus spp.) species. However, it is not present in the upper part of the Rhone River, where native Alnus incana occurs at an intermediate position along the successional riparian gradient. Is this absence of the invasive tree due to environmental or biotic resistance of the recipient communities, and in particular due to the presence of Alnus? Location: Upper Rhone River, France. Methods: We undertook a transplant experiment in an Alnus-dominated community along the Upper Rhone River, where we compared Acer negundo survival and growth, with and without biotic interactions (tree and herb layer effects), to those of four native tree species from differing successional positions in the Upper Rhone communities (P. alba, S. alba, F. excelsior and Alnus incana). Results: Without biotic interactions Acer negundo performed similarly to native species, suggesting that the Upper Rhone floodplain is not protected from Acer invasion by a simple abiotic barrier. In contrast, this species performed less well than F. excelsior and Alnus incana in environments with intact tree and/or herb layers. Alnus showed the best growth rate in these conditions, indicating biotic resistance of the native plant community. Conclusions: We did not find evidence for an abiotic barrier to Acer negundo invasion of the Upper Rhone River floodplain communities, but our results suggest a biotic resistance. In particular, we demonstrated that (i) additive competitive effects of the tree and herb layer led to Acer negundo suppression and (ii) Alnus incana grew more rapidly than Acer negundo in this intermediate successional niche.
(Applied Vegetation Science. vol. 16, n° 1402-2001, pp. 184-192, 13/04/2026)
UGA [2016-2019], UR EMGR, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Devenir des micropolluants dans les traitements tertiaires et traitements des boues
(pp. 22, 13/04/2026)
UR MALY, IRSTEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
France National Report 2012, ICES Working Group on Introduction and Transfers of Marine Organisms
(13/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UNICAEN, NU, IFREMER, LIENSs, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, SBR, UPMC, CNRS
Carbon and suspended sediment transport in an impounded alpine river (Isère, France)
Carbon and total suspended sediment (TSS) loads were investigated from April 2006 to March 2008 in the mountainous watershed of the Isère River, French Alps (5570 km2). The river bed has been highly impounded for hydroelectricity production during the last century. Hydraulic flushes are managed every year to prevent TSS storage within upstream dams. The Isère River has been instrumented for high-frequency monitoring of water, TSS by turbidity and carbon (organic, inorganic, dissolved and particulate) in order to evaluate the impact of natural floods and hydraulic flushes on annual loads. Annual TSS load which was estimated between 1.3 and 2.3 MT y−1 (i.e. 233 to 413 T km−2 y−1) highlighted the high erodibility of the Isère watershed. Annual carbon load was estimated between 173 103 T y−1 and 199 103 T y−1 (i.e 31 to 36 T km−2 y−1). About 80% of the annual carbon loads were inorganic. The impact of hydraulic flushes on annual loads appeared limited (less than 3% for annual TSS load and about 1.5% for annual carbon load), whereas the most important natural flood event contributed to 20% of the annual TSS load and 10% of the annual carbon load.
(Hydrological Processes. vol. 27, n° 0885-6087, pp. 2498-2508, 13/04/2026)
LTHE, OSUG, UJF, Grenoble INP, INSU - CNRS, IRSTEA, USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry], CNRS, IRD, INSU - CNRS, INPG, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ISTO, BRGM, INSU - CNRS, UO, CNRS, SISYPHE, UPMC, EPHE, PSL, PSL, CNRS, EDF [E.D.F.]