Regional seesaw between the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas during the last glacial abrupt climate events
Dansgaard–Oeschger oscillations constitute one of the most enigmatic features of the last glacial cycle. Their cold atmospheric phases have been commonly associated with cold sea-surface temperatures and expansion of sea ice in the North Atlantic and adjacent seas. Here, based on dinocyst analyses from the 48–30 ka interval of four sediment cores from the northern Northeast Atlantic and southern Norwegian Sea, we provide direct and quantitative evidence of a regional paradoxical seesaw pattern: cold Greenland and North Atlantic phases coincide with warmer sea-surface conditions and shorter seasonal sea-ice cover durations in the Norwegian Sea as compared to warm phases. Combined with additional palaeorecords and multi-model hosing simulations , our results suggest that during cold Greenland phases, reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and cold North Atlantic sea-surface conditions were accompanied by the subsurface propagation of warm Atlantic waters that re-emerged in the Nordic Seas and provided moisture towards Greenland summit.
(Climate of the Past. vol. 13, n° 1814-9324, pp. 729-739, 21/06/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, GLACCIOS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, AWI, CLIMAG, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA
Grotte de Bruniquel (Tarn-et-Garonne, France) : éléments de datation complémentaires
La grotte de Bruniquel renferme six structures architecturées dont une grande et une plus petite plus ou moins circulaires et quatre accumulations, composées au total de 420 stalagmites entières ou fragmentées, localisées à environ 300 mètres de l’entrée. Leur construction a été datée en 2016 de 176 500 ± 2 100 ans (SIM 6) grâce à la datation uranium-thorium des stalagmites. Les Hommes de Néandertal ne seraient apparemment pas entrés par l’accès actuel, l’éboulis d’entrée étant scellé par plusieurs générations de stalagmites dont certaines très massives. Il reste donc une inconnue quant à l’âge de cet éboulis et l’existence d’un éventuel porche d’entrée contemporain de Néandertal. Dans cet article, la grotte est replacée dans son contexte géologique, karstologique et géomorphologique. Les nouvelles dates sur les structures affinent la limite minimale de l’âge des constructions et les premières dates sur l’éboulis montrent quant à elles un âge relativement ancien sans toutefois pouvoir exclure une ouverture d’une partie de l’éboulis à ~170 ka.
(Karstologia. vol. 52, n° 0751-7688, pp. 1187-1210, 21/06/2026)
IRSNB / RBINS, PACEA, UB, CNRS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Lateral variability of subtidal flow at the mid-reaches of a macrotidal estuary
Transverse variations of tidal and subtidal flow were investigated in a macrotidal and convergent estuary. This was accomplished by combining data analysis of current velocities and water density with numerical modeling at the mid-reaches of the Gironde Estuary (France). Nonlinear mechanisms responsible for overtide generation and hence subtidal flows were found to vary across the estuary and from neap to spring tides. Subtidal flows were driven by a combination of internal asymmetry, tidal advective accelerations, nonlinear effects of water level variations, quadratic friction, and river discharge. The quarter-diurnal overtide band (D4) in the flow was generated by internal asymmetry and tidal advective accelerations during neap tide. The ratio of quarter-diurnal to squared semidiurnal bands (D4/D22) was largest (>0.3) in sections of the channel showing subtidal outflow. River discharge increased from neap to spring tides causing a subsequent increase of seaward subtidal currents. During spring tide, D4 was generated by tidal advective accelerations and quadratic friction combined with river discharge, rather than by internal asymmetry. The sixth-diurnal overtide (D6) in the flow was comparable to D4 for both neap and spring tides. Largest D6/D23 ratios were found in the shallowest cross-channel locations during both neap and spring tides.
(Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans. vol. 122, n° 2169-9275, pp. 7651-7673, 21/06/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UF, UTC, Cerema
How Much CO 2 Is Taken Up by the European Terrestrial Biosphere?
(Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. vol. 98, n° 0003-0007, pp. 665 - 671, 21/06/2026)
UCL, IUP, SRON, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, SATINV, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, ICOS-ATC, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA
Spatial and temporal distribution of mercury and methylmercury in bivalves from the French coastline
Marine mercury (Hg) concentrations have been monitored in the French coastline for the last half a century using bivalves. The analyses presented in this study concerned 192 samples of bivalves (mussels: Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis and oysters: Crassostrea gigas and Isognomon alatus) from 77 sampling stations along the French coast and in the French Antilles sea. The goals of this study were to assess MeHg levels in various common bivalves from French coastline, and to identify possible geographic, taxonomic or temporal variations of concentrations. We show that the evolution of methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations covary with total mercury (HgT) concentrations. Moreover, in most of the study sites, HgT concentrations have not decreased since 1987, despite regulations to decrease or ban mercury used for anthropic activities.
(Marine Pollution Bulletin. vol. 114, n° 0025-326X, pp. 1096-1102, 21/06/2026)
BE, IFREMER, LERPAC, COAST, IFREMER, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, GET, IRD, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNES, CNRS
Drug residues in urban water: A database for ecotoxicological risk management
Human-use drug residues (DR) are only partially eliminated by waste water treatment plants (WWTPs), so that residual amounts can reach natural waters and cause environmental hazards. In order to properly manage these hazards in the aquatic environment, a database is made available that integrates the concentration ranges for DR, which cause adverse effects for aquatic organisms, and the temporal variations of the ecotoxicological risks. To implement this database for the ecotoxicological risk assessment (ERA database), the required information for each DR is the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs), along with the predicted environmental concentrations (PECs). The risk assessment is based on the ratio between the PNECs and the PECs. Adverse effect data or PNECs have been found in the publicly available literature for 45 substances. These ecotoxicity test data have been extracted from 125 different sources. This ERA database contains 1157 adverse effect data and 287 PNECs. The efficiency of this ERA database was tested with a data set coming from a simultaneous survey of WWTPs and the natural environment. In this data set, 26 DR were searched for in two WWTPs and in the river. On five sampling dates, concentrations measured in the river for 10 DR could pose environmental problems of which 7 were measured only downstream of WWTP outlets. From scientific literature and measurements, data implementation with unit homogenisation in a single database facilitates the actual ecotoxicological risk assessment, and may be useful for further risk coming from data arising from the future field survey. Moreover, the accumulation of a large ecotoxicity data set in a single database should not only improve knowledge of higher risk molecules but also supply an objective tool to help the rapid and efficient evaluation of the risk.
(Science of the Total Environment. vol. 609, n° 0048-9697, pp. 927-941, 21/06/2026)
ToxAlim-MeX, ToxAlim, INRA, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse INP, Toulouse INP, Comue de Toulouse, INP - PURPAN, Toulouse INP, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LEFE, INEE-CNRS, CNRS, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Comue de Toulouse
Molecular Characterization of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels and Their Relations with Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Bioaccumulation in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) bind to voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) and block conduction of action potential in excitable cells. This study aimed to (i) characterize Nav sequences in Crassostrea gigas and (ii) investigate a putative relation between Nav and PST-bioaccumulation in oysters. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted two types of Nav in C. gigas: a Nav1 (CgNav1) and a Nav2 (CgNav2) with sequence properties of sodium-selective and sodium/calcium-selective channels, respectively. Three alternative splice transcripts of CgNav1 named A, B and C, were characterized. The expression of CgNav1, analyzed by in situ hybridization, is specific to nervous cells and to structures corresponding to neuromuscular junctions. Real-time PCR analyses showed a strong expression of CgNav1A in the striated muscle while CgNav1B is mainly expressed in visceral ganglia. CgNav1C expression is ubiquitous. The PST binding site (domain II) of CgNav1 variants possess an amino acid Q that could potentially confer a partial saxitoxin (STX)-resistance to the channel. The CgNav1 genotype or alternative splicing would not be the key point determining PST bioaccumulation level in oysters.
(Marine drugs. vol. 15, n° 1660-3397, pp. 21, 21/06/2026)
LEMAR, IRD, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS, UFPB, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IFREMER
Precipitation changes in the Mediterranean basin during the Holocene from terrestrial and marine pollen records: a model-data comparison
Climate evolution of the Mediterranean region during the Holocene exhibits strong spatial and temporal variability, which is notoriously difficult for models to reproduce. We propose here a new proxy-based climate synthesis synthesis and its comparison -at a regional (similar to 100 km) level - with a regional climate model to examine (i) opposing northern and southern precipitation regimes and (ii) an east-to-west precipitation dipole during the Holocene across the Mediterranean basin. Using precipitation estimates in-ferred from marine and terrestrial pollen archives, we focus on the early to mid-Holocene (8000 to 6000 cal yr BP) and the late Holocene (4000 to 2000 cal yr BP), to test these hypotheses on a Mediterranean-wide scale. Special attention was given to the reconstruction of season-specific climate in-formation, notably summer and winter precipitation. The reconstructed climatic trends corroborate the north-south partition of precipitation regimes during the Holocene. During the early Holocene, relatively wet conditions occurred in the south-central and eastern Mediterranean regions, while drier conditions prevailed from 45 degrees N northwards. These patterns then reverse during the late Holocene. With regard to the existence of a west-east precipitation dipole during the Holocene, our results show that the strength of this dipole is strongly linked to the reconstructed seasonal parameter; early-Holocene summers show a clear east-west division, with summer precipitation having been highest in Greece and the eastern Mediterranean and lowest over Italy and the western Mediterranean. Summer precipitation in the east re-mained above modern values, even during the late-Holocene interval. In contrast, winter precipitation signals are less spatially coherent during the early Holocene but low precipita-tion is evidenced during the late Holocene. A general drying trend occurred from the early to late Holocene, particularly in the central and eastern Mediterranean. For the same time intervals, pollen-inferred precipita-tion estimates were compared with model outputs, based on a regional-scale downscaling (HadRM3) of a set of global climate-model simulations (HadAM3). The high-resolution detail achieved through the downscaling is intended to enable a better comparison between site-based paleo-reconstructions and gridded model data in the complex terrain of the Mediterranean; the model outputs and pollen-inferred precipitation estimates show some overall correspondence, though modeled changes are small and at the absolute margins of statistical significance. There are suggestions that the eastern Mediterranean experienced wetter summer conditions than present during the early and late Holocene; the drying trend in winter from the early to the late Holocene also appears to be simulated. The use of this high-resolution regional climate model highlights how the inherently patchy nature of climate signals and paleo-records in the Mediterranean basin may lead to local signals that are much stronger than the large-scale pattern would suggest. Nevertheless, the east-to-west division in summer precipitation seems more marked in the pollen reconstruction than in the model outputs. The footprint of the anomalies (like today, or dry winters and wet summers) has some similarities to modern analogue atmospheric circulation patterns associated with a strong westerly circulation in winter (positive Arctic Oscillation-North Atlantic Oscillation (AO-NAO)) and a weak westerly circulation in summer associated with anticy-clonic blocking; however, there also remain important differences between the paleo-simulations and these analogues. The regional climate model, consistent with other global models, does not suggest an extension of the African summer monsoon into the Mediterranean. Therefore, the extent to which summer monsoonal precipitation may have existed in the southern and eastern Mediterranean during the mid-Holocene remains an outstanding question.
(Climate of the Past. vol. 13, n° 1814-9324, pp. 249-265, 21/06/2026)
LCE, CNRS, UMLP, UBFC, UMR ISEM, Cirad, IRD, EPHE, PSL, UM, CNRS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, UOR, SFU.ca, IMBE, AU, AMU, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UHH, UNIROMA
Energy transfer in the Congo deep-sea fan: from terrestrially-derived organic matter to chemosynthetic food webs
Large amounts of recent terrestrial organic matter (OM) from the African continent are delivered to the abyssal plain by turbidity currents and accumulate in the Congo deep-sea fan. In the recent lobe complex, large clusters of vesicomyid bivalves are found all along the active channel in areas of reduced sediment. These soft-sediment communities resemble those fuelled by chemoautotrophy in cold-seep settings. The aim of this study was to elucidate feeding strategies in these macrofaunal assemblages as part of a greater effort to understand the link between the inputs of terrestrially-derived OM and the chemosynthetic habitats. The biochemical composition of the sedimentary OM was first analysed in order to evaluate how nutritious the available particulate OM is for the benthic macrofauna. The terrestrial OM is already degraded when it reaches the final depositional area. However, high biopolymeric carbon contents (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) are found in the channel of the recent lobe complex. In addition, about one to two thirds of the nitrogen can be assigned to peptide-like material. Even if this soil-derived OM is poorly digestible, turbiditic deposits contain such high amounts of organic carbon that there is enough biopolymeric carbon and proteacinous nitrogen to support dense benthic communities that contrast with the usual depauperate abyssal plains.
(Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. vol. 142, n° 0967-0645, pp. 197-218, 21/06/2026)
LECOB, OOB, UPMC, CNRS, UPMC, CNRS, LEP, EEP, IFREMER, iSTeP, UPMC, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
The historical demise of Pinus nigra forests in the Northern Iberian Plateau (south-western Europe)
Pinus nigra Arn. forests dominated over extensive areas of the Northern Iberian Plateau (Spain) during the Holocene, but a strong decline during the historical period (c. 1300-700 cal. BP) led to the present fragmented populations. This demise has been generally attributed to land-use changes or climate, but the specific roles of disturbance regimes such as fire variability and grazing on the long-term are not fully understood yet. We combine multi-proxy palaeoecological data (fossil pollen, spores, conifer stomata, microscopic and macroscopic charcoal) together with quantitative analyses (ordination and peak detection) from a high-resolution sedimentary sequence (Tubilla del Lago, 900 m a.s.l.) to assess the causes of pine forests demise. A new microscopic charcoal record from an additional sequence (Espinosa de Cerrato, 885 m a.s.l.) is used to assess burning and pine decline at a more regional (100 km radius) scale. Pinus nigra forests could cope with drought and fire regime variability (FRI = 110-500 years), with forest recovery taking c. 100-200 years after fires. Only at 1300-1200 cal. BP a long-lasting irrecoverable demise of P. nigra forests occurred when human-induced fires together with arable and pastoral farming became widespread in the area. Subsequently, Quercus woodlands expanded in the remnant patchy pinewoods. This vegetation shift was primarily caused by three particularly important fire episodes in less than a century (c. 1300-1200 cal. BP). Synthesis: Pinus nigra forests have shown a millennial resilience to the natural fire regime of the Northern Iberian Plateau, that was characterized by relatively frequent small-moderate fires and rare high-intensity fires. However, frequent human-caused crown fires and the onset of intensive farming caused their demise over an extensive area. Ongoing land-use abandonment in the Iberian mountains could promote the occurrence of high-intensity, severe fires due to the rapid build-up of high fuel loads. Forest management could mimic the natural fire regime by periodically reducing fuel loads for a transitional period until natural disturbance variability is fully restored, thus preserving these relict native plant communities.
(Journal of Ecology. vol. 105, n° 0022-0477, pp. 634-646, 21/06/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, OCCR, UNIBE, UAM