Response of zebrafish and Japanese medaka to imidacloprid: a comparative study
Neonicotinoids are among the most produced and used insecticides and are frequently found in freshwater with concentrations ranging from ng to μg/L. These molecules are small and very soluble in water. This given, they are likely to pass the chorion and thus easily enter embryos of fish. It is known that these compounds impact on insects, including bees, in terms of toxicity and behaviour, but whether similar impacts could be observed in fish is not yet known. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of exposure to imidacloprid, one of the most used neonicotinoids, on the development and behaviour of two common fish lab species: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Fish were exposed during 5 (zebrafish) and 13 days (medaka) to 0, 0.2, 2, 20, 200 and 2000 μg/L imidacloprid by aqueous exposure, matching the respective time from fertilization to emerged larvae for the two species. At similar developmental stages, survival, hatch, growth, morphology, behaviour and histology were examined. No impact on survival was found. A delay for 2 μg/L imidacloprid exposures was observed for hatch in both species. Except for the 20 mg/L exposure level, imidacloprid led to hypoactivity in both species. A striking difference was found in morphology: a high number of deformities were noticed for medaka whereas almost none were found in zebrafish. Yolk and bone oedemas started to be noticed at 20 μg/L after hatch, jaw deformity and lordosis/scoliosis increased with concentration level. An increase of haemorrhage was found at the highest concentration (2000 μg/L). In order to shed light on the observed species differences, we intend to investigate the uptake of imidacloprid into the fish embryos and its biotransformation.
(pp. 298, 07/05/2017)
EAWAG, UTOX-PCB, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UniMe
Insights of Pb isotopic signature into the historical evolution and sources of Pb contamination in a sediment core of the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf
Stable Pb isotopic ratios and concentrations of Al, Cu and Pb were measured in a 5 m long sediment core (VC2B) retrieved at 96 m water depth in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf. Five phases during the last 9.5 kyrs were identified, two of them (Roman Period and modern mining) marked by a decrease of 206Pb/207Pb ratios reflecting additional inputs of Pb derived from mining activities. The Roman Period was also characterized by high 208Pb/206Pb ratios suggesting the exploitation of the outcropping portion of the orebody intensely weathered when compared with the other formations later mined. The shift of 208Pb/206Pb ratios towards linearity took approximately 1.0 kyrs, which may mirror the time of environmental recovery from the impact of Roman mining activities. The application of a mixing model allowed the quantification of the contribution associated with anthropogenic mining activities to the shelf sediments. The maximum values of Pb contamination occurred in the 20th century. This study gives direct evidence of Pb and Cu exploitation over the last 2000 years. The stable Pb isotopic signatures point to legacy of mining activities that are still the prevailing metal source recorded in the southwestern Iberian Atlantic shelf sediments.
(Science of the Total Environment. vol. 586, n° 0048-9697, pp. 473-484, 01/05/2017)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Data Treatment in Environmental Sciences
Data Treatment in Environmental Sciences presents the various methods used in the analysis of databases, obtained in the field or in a laboratory, by focusing on the most commonly used multivariate analyses in different disciplines of environmental sciences – from geochemistry to ecology. The book examines the principles, application conditions and implementation (in R software) of various analyses before interpreting them. The wide variety of analyses presented allows us to treat datasets, both large and small, which are often limited in terms of available processing techniques. The approach taken by the author details (i) the preparation of a dataset prior to analysis, in relation to the scientific strategy and objectives of the study, (ii) the preliminary treatment of datasets, (iii) the establishment of a structure of objects (stations/dates) or relevant variables (e.g. physicochemical, biological), and (iv) how to highlight the explanatory parameters of these structures (e.g. how the physico-chemistry influences the biological structure obtained).
(01/05/2017)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
The role of physical variables in biodiversity patterns of intertidal macroalgae along European coasts
(Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. vol. 97, n° 0025-3154, pp. 549-560, 01/05/2017)
UC / UniCan, IRSNB / RBINS, IRSNB / RBINS, BioArch, MNHN, CNRS, LIENSs, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, LOV, OOVM, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, SBR, UPMC, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, HCMR, DIII, UNIPV, IAMC, CNR, GPS, UPD7, CNRS, NIOO-KNAW
The French NATIONAL CYBER CORE REPOSITORY: a user-oriented approach to promote the referencing of scientific cores
In plaeosciences the question of data management is made sensitive by the need of preserving and managing high value fragile geological samples: cores. Large international scientific programs, such as IODP or ICDP led intense effort for such, proposing detailed high standard work- and dataflows. However many paleoscience results derived from small-scale research programs in which data and sample management are too often managed only locally – when they are. In France a national effort is currently led to develop an integrated system to curate ice and sediment cores. Under the umbrella of the national excellence equipment program CLIMCOR, we launched a reflexion about core curating and the management of associated fieldwork data. Our aim was then to preserve all data from fieldwork in an integrated cyber-environment. To do so, our demarche was conducted through an intimate relationship with field operators and laboratory core curators in order to propose user-oriented solutions. We built a single web portal that is used as a national hub from any team’s data and to international standards (IGSNs, INSPIRE) and databases (IMLGS). For legacy samples, this requires the establishment of a dedicated cores list with associated metadata. However, for forthcoming core data, we developed a mobile application to capture technical and scientific data directly on the field. This application is linked with a unique coring-tools library and is adapted to most coring devices (gravity, drilling, percussion etc.) including multiple sections and holes coring operations. In this paper, we present the architecture of the integrated system, future perspectives and the approach we adopted to reach our goals. We will also present our mobile application through didactic examples.
(01/05/2017)
EDYTEM, USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry], CNRS, Fédération OSUG, LTSER-ZAA, RZA, INEE-CNRS, CNRS, RZA, INEE-CNRS, CNRS, DTI, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INSU - CNRS
Geographic patterns of biodiversity in European coastal marine benthos
(Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. vol. 97, n° 0025-3154, pp. 507-523, 01/05/2017)
NIOO-KNAW, IRSNB / RBINS, IRSNB / RBINS, BioArch, MNHN, CNRS, LIENSs, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, LOV, OOVM, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, SBR, UPMC, CNRS, AD2M, SBR, UPMC, CNRS, UPMC, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, HCMR, DIII, UNIPV, IAMC, CNR, GPS, UPD7, CNRS
Consistent patterns of spatial variability between NE Atlantic and Mediterranean rocky shores
(Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. vol. 97, n° 0025-3154, pp. 539-547, 01/05/2017)
SBR, UPMC, CNRS, HCMR, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IAMC, CNR, IRSNB / RBINS, LIENSs, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, IRSNB / RBINS, DIII, UNIPV, LOV, OOVM, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, GPS, UPD7, CNRS, AD2M, SBR, UPMC, CNRS, UPMC, CNRS, BioArch, MNHN, CNRS, NIOO-KNAW
Essence of the patterns of cover and richness of intertidal hard bottom communities: a pan-European study
(Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. vol. 97, n° 0025-3154, pp. 525-538, 01/05/2017)
NIOO-KNAW, HCMR, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IAMC, CNR, IRSNB / RBINS, LIENSs, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, IRSNB / RBINS, SBR, UPMC, CNRS, DIII, UNIPV, LOV, OOVM, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, GPS, UPD7, CNRS, BioArch, MNHN, CNRS
Contrasting sediment records of marine submersion events related to wave exposure, Southwest France
Sediment records of two contrasting backshore coastal marshes, extremely vulnerable to recent and historical marine flooding events, located on the SW coast of France, have been investigated using a multiproxy approach. The studied marshes are 30 km apart and have been flooded by similar storm events (7 marine floods in the last 250 years). One is located in a wave-exposed coast but isolated from the sea by a sediment barrier, whereas the other is located in a sheltered estuarine environment and isolated from the sea by a dike. One core was collected in each marsh and information on grain-size, foraminifera, shell contents and stable carbon isotopes was obtained along with an age model using 210Pb, 137Cs and 14C. Core data combined with historical maps give evidence of a typical estuarine backfilling, part of the Holocene regressive parasequence, including an intertidal mudflat at the base and a backshore environment at the top. Despite the absence of grain size anomalies, marine flood-related sedimentation in the backshore area of both marshes is identified by a mixture of marine and terrestrial features, including marine fauna, vegetation debris and variation in the δ13C signature of the organic fraction. Very low sedimentation rates between flood events and/or bioturbation prevents the identification of individual episodic marine floods in the sediment succession. Comparison of the two sedimentary successions shows that the foraminifera deposited by marine submersions are of two different types. Foraminifera are monospecific and originate from the upper tidal mudflat in the sheltered marsh; whereas in the backshore marsh located in a wave-exposed environment, they show higher diversity and originate from both shallow and deeper water marine environments. This study shows that wave exposure can control the faunal content of marine flood sediment records in coastal marshes.
(Sedimentary Geology. vol. 353, n° 0037-0738, pp. 158 - 170, 01/05/2017)
LIENSs, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, BIAF, UA
Carbonate slope morphology revealing sediment transfer from bank-to-slope (Little Bahama Bank, Bahamas)
New high-quality multibeam and high-resolution seismic data reveal new observations on sediment transfer and distribution and margin morphometrics in the uppermost slope of Northeastern Little Bahama Bank between 20 and 300 m water depth. The echofacies/backscatter facies show an alongslope sediment distribution forming successive strips. The upper part of the uppermost slope corresponds to the alternation of several submerged coral terraces and escarpments that could be related to Late Quaternary sea-level variations. The terraces could either be related to periods of stagnating sea-level or slow-down in sea-level change and therefore increased erosion by waves, or periods of accelerated sealevel rise since the Last Glacial Maximum. Terraces could therefore be related to coral construction and drowing. The medium part corresponds to the marginal escarpment, a steep cemented area. The lower part of the uppermost slope shows a discontinuous Holocene sediment wedge with varying thickness between 0 and 35 m. It is separated from the upper part by a zone of well-cemented seafloor associated with the marginal escarpment. Passing cold fronts result in sediment export caused by density cascading. The associated sediment fall-out and convective sedimentation can generate density currents that form this wedge and eventually flow through linear structures on the upper slope. The survey reveals the presence of recently active channels that extend over the entire uppermost slope and interrupt the wedge. The channels connect shallow tidal channels to submarine valleys connected to the proximal part of canyons. They directly feed the canyons with platform-derived sediment forming low-density turbidity currents and could supply the deepest part of the system with coarse-grained sediment directly exported from the carbonate platform.
(Marine and Petroleum Geology. vol. 83, n° 0264-8172, pp. 26 - 34, 01/05/2017)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, VU, [Total Energies. Anciennement : Total, TotalFina, TotalFinaElf], IFPEN