High density polyethylene (HDPE) microplastics impair development and swimming activity of Pacific oyster D-larvae, Crassostrea gigas, depending on particle size
(Environmental Pollution, n° 0269-7491, pp. 113978, 01/01/2020)
LIENSs, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, ULR, ULR, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPOC
Timing and stepwise transitions of the African Humid Period from geochemical proxies in the Nile deep-sea fan sediments
Large fluvial systems, such as the Nile River, allow a basin-scale integrated view of climatological and environmental changes. In this study, we reconstructed the Nile discharge history for the last 20 ka using molecular ratios of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and neodymium (Nd) radiogenic isotopes. By characterizing both the organic and inorganic fractions, we assessed the relevance of the GDGT-based proxies in deltaic environments as tracers of terrigenous origin. A large increase in Nile discharge is documented from 14.8 to 8.4 ka BP reflecting enhanced physical erosion and transport processes from the Ethiopian Traps. We confirmed the primary control of insolation on precipitation on North East Africa through the last 20 ka. The centennial time resolution reached on the sedimentary sequence revealed a step-wise onset and termination of the African Humid Period (AHP) starting at 14.8 ka and ending at 8.4 ka BP, respectively. Our centennial-millennial records allowed furthermore pinpointing the abrupt periods of arid conditions corresponding to the Younger Dryas. These data illustrate the linkage between low and high latitude hydrological variability.
(Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 228, n° 0277-3791, pp. 106071, 01/01/2020)
LGL-TPE, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INSU - CNRS, UJM, UJM EPE, CNRS, CEREGE, IRD, AMU, CdF (institution), INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INRAE, LOCEAN-CYBIOM, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité, NIOZ, INSU - CNRS, UM, CNRS, UA, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CEREGE, IRD, AMU, CdF (institution), INSU - CNRS, CNRS, INRAE, GEOAZUR 7329, INSU - CNRS, UniCA, CNRS, IRD [Occitanie], IRD, UniCA
Trace elements and persistent organic pollutants in chicks of 13 seabird species from Antarctica to the subtropics
Seabirds from remote regions are mainly exposed to environmental contaminants from non-point contamination of their food webs. Pre-fledging seabird chicks are fed by their parents with marine prey captured in the vicinity of breeding colonies. Contaminant concentrations in tissues of pre-fledging chicks can thus be mostly related to local dietary sources, and have the potential to unravel spatial patterns of environmental contamination in marine ecosystems. Here, mercury (Hg), 13 other trace elements, and 18 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were quantified in blood of chicks across four breeding locations that encompass a large latitudinal range in the southern Indian Ocean (from Antarctica, through subantarctic areas, to the subtropics), over a single breeding season. Thirteen species of penguins, albatrosses and petrels were studied, including endangered and near-threatened species, such as Amsterdam albatrosses and emperor penguins. Blood Hg burdens varied widely between species, with a factor of ~50 between the lowest and highest concentrations (mean ± SD, 0.05 ± 0.01 and 2.66 ± 0.81 µg g−1 dry weight, in thin-billed prions and Amsterdam albatrosses, respectively). Species relying on Antarctic waters for feeding had low Hg exposure. Concentrations of POPs were low in chicks, with the exception of hexachlorobenzene. Contaminant concentrations were mainly explained by species differences, but feeding habitat (inferred from δ13C values) and chicks’ body mass also contributed to explain variation. Collectively, our findings call for further toxicological investigations in Amsterdam albatrosses and small petrel species, because they were exposed to high and diverse sources of contaminants, and in macaroni penguins, which specifically showed very high selenium concentrations. Capsule: Seabird chicks from four distant sites in the southern Indian Ocean had contrasted blood metallic and organic contaminant patterns depending on species, feeding habitat and body mass.
(Environment International. vol. 134, n° 0160-4120, pp. 105225, 01/01/2020)
LIENSs, INSU - CNRS, ULR, CNRS, CEBC, ULR, CNRS, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
AMOC and summer sea ice as key drivers of the spread in mid-holocene winter temperature patterns over Europe in PMIP3 models
The mid-Holocene (6,000 years before present) was a warmer period than today in summer in most of the Northern Hemisphere. In winter, over Europe, pollen-based reconstructions show a dipole of temperature anomalies as compared to present-day, with warmer conditions in the north and colder in the south. It has been proposed that this pattern of temperature anomaly could be explained by a persisting positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation during this period, which was, however, not reproduced in general by climate models. Indeed, PMIP3 models show a large spread in their response to the mid-Holocene insolation changes, the physical origins of which are not understood. To improve the understanding of the
(Global and Planetary Change. vol. 184, n° 0921-8181, pp. 103055, 01/01/2020)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, ESTIMR, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, CNRM, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, Comue de Toulouse, LOCEAN-VARCLIM, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité
Learning from the past: Impact of the Arctic Oscillation on sea ice and marine productivity off northwest Greenland over the last 9,000 years
Climate warming is rapidly reshaping the Arctic cryosphere and ocean conditions, with consequences for sea ice and pelagic productivity patterns affecting the entire marine food web. To predict how ongoing changes will impact Arctic marine ecosystems, concerted effort from various disciplines is required. Here, we contribute multi-decadal reconstructions of changes in diatom production and sea-ice conditions in relation to Holocene climate and ocean conditions off Northwest Greenland. Our multiproxy study includes diatoms, sea-ice biomarkers (IP 25 and HBI III) and geochemical tracers (TOC, TOC:TN, δ 13 C, δ 15 N) from a sediment core record spanning the last ca. 9000 years. Our results suggest that the balance between the outflow of polar water from the Arctic, and input of Atlantic water from the Irminger Current into the West Greenland Current is a key factor in controlling sea-ice conditions, and both diatom phenology and production in northeastern Baffin Bay. Our proxy record notably shows that changes in sea-surface conditions initially forced by Neoglacial cooling were dynamically amplified by the shift in the dominant phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) mode that occurred at ca. 3000 yrs BP, and caused drastic changes in community composition and a decline in diatom production at the study site. In the future, with projected dominant positive AO conditions favored by Arctic warming, increased water column stratification may counteract the positive effect of a longer open-water growth season and negatively impact diatom production.
(Global Change Biology, n° 1354-1013, 17/10/2026)
UNB, GEUS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ULaval, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Variability of hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity in the Landes maritime pine forest: results from the LANDEX campaign 2017
Total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity measurements were conducted during the LANDEX intensive field campaign in a coniferous temperate forest located in the Lan-des area, southwestern France, during July 2017. In order to investigate inter-canopy and intra-canopy variability, measurements were performed inside (6 m) and above the canopy level (12 m), as well as at two different locations within the canopy, using a comparative reactivity method (CRM) and a laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence (LP-LIF) instrument. The two techniques were intercompared at the end of the campaign by performing measurements at the same location. Volatile organic compounds were also monitored at both levels with a proton transfer time-of-flight mass spectrometer and online gas chromatography instruments to evaluate their contribution to total OH reactivity, with monoterpenes being the main reactive species emitted in this forest dominated by Pinus pinaster Aiton. Total OH reactivity varied diurnally, following the trend of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), the emissions and concentrations of which were dependent on meteorological parameters. Average OH reactivity was around 19.2 and 16.5 s −1 inside and above the canopy, respectively. The highest levels of total OH reactivity were observed during nights with a low turbulence (u * ≤ 0.2 m s −1), leading to lower mixing of emitted species within the canopy and thus an important vertical stratification characterized by a strong concentration gradient. Comparing the measured and the calculated OH reactivity highlighted an average missing OH reactivity of 22 % and 33 % inside and above the canopy, respectively. A day-night variability was observed on missing OH reactivity at both heights. Investigations showed that during daytime, missing OH sinks could be due to primary emissions and secondary products linked to a temperature-enhanced photochemistry. Regarding nighttime missing OH reactivity, higher levels were seen for the stable and warm night of 4-5 July, showing that these conditions could have been favorable for the accumulation of long-lived species (primary and secondary species) during the transport of the air mass from nearby forests.
(Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. vol. 20, n° 1680-7316, pp. 1277-1300, 17/10/2026)
LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, PC2A, CNRS, CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe, IMT Nord Europe, IMT, IMT Lille Douai, IMT, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CAE, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA
Pour un hommage au Professeur Sergueï Gorchkov et une introduction à la géoécologie russe
Cet article est à la fois un témoignage concernant le parcours de vie du professeur Sergei Gorchkov (1932-2018), l’un des pionniers de la géoécologie russe, et l’essai de finalisation d’un article scientifique qu’il avait laissé inachevé. Les deux premières parties, biographiques, révèlent des anecdotes inédites sur la vie de Sergueï Gorchkov, qu’il a lui-même racontées aux auteurs, et elles mettent l’accent sur ses missions de terrain en Sibérie, qui furent le point de départ de ses réflexions sur l’unicité et la globalité de l’environnement géographique. A l’instar de la pédologie pour Dokoutchaev, la science du pergélisol est devenue pour Sergueï Gorchkov le creuset de toutes les composantes environnementales. Pour comprendre l’évolution de la cryolithozone sibérienne, ce géomorphologue intégra les recherches en climatologie, en biogéographie et en hydrologie. Sa collaboration scientifique avec ses collègues géologues le conduisit à étudier les échelles de temps les plus longues et à se passionner pour les paléo-environnements. La troisième partie, directement scientifique, s’attache aux conséquences de la tendance au remplacement de la croûte océanique par la croûte continentale. Ainsi, les sphères inorganiques et biogéniques évoluent en sens opposé. La première se débarrasse de l’excès d’énergie cristallochimique contenue dans la matière inerte du manteau terrestre. La seconde, tout en se complexifiant, augmente son potentiel énergétique lié aux associations minérales du socle métamorphique et à sa couverture sédimentaire riche en énergie solaire accumulée par les facteurs biogéniques. Si l’on considère que la géoécologie doit reposer sur une meilleure compréhension de l’homéostasie de la biosphère, il convient d’étudier ce qui peut-être considéré comme une sorte de résilience du plus haut niveau d’organisation, d’échelle mondiale, à ceci près que la résilience au sens strict conduit à un retour à l’équilibre initial, tandis que l’homéostasie mène à un nouvel équilibre. Par son échelle globale, la fonction homéostatique de biofiltration productive de l’océan domine toutes les autres. Grâce à elle, le rayonnement solaire pénètre dans l’océan. Cette réserve de chaleur est transférée par advection aux masses d’air, qui se déchargent de leur humidité au-dessus des continents et augmentent ainsi la biomasse des écosystèmes terrestres. Les grands fleuves reçoivent et transportent plus de matière organique vers les mers et le cycle continue. La combinaison de la densité du couvert végétal sur les continents, de la production primaire de phytoplancton et de la filtration du zooplancton océanique est au cœur de la fonction homéostatique de la biosphère. Géographiquement, c’est cette zone de contact qui représente l’interface planétaire majeure. Du point de vue de la géomorphologie continentale, il s’agit du milieu marin sous l’influence des embouchures fluviales ; du point de vue de l’océanographie, c’est le filtre marginal (tel que déterminé par l’océanologue russe Lisitsyn). S. Gorchkov écrivait que le « signal intégré » des écosystèmes terrestres et océaniques se trouvait dans ces mers épicontinentales. Cet article y ajoute une comparaison de l’importance des apports en éléments nutritifs par les upwellings et par les grands bassins fluviaux à dense couverture végétale.
(Dynamiques Environnementales - Journal international des géosciences et de l’environnement. vol. 46, n° 1968-469X, pp. 148-183., 17/10/2026)
CEDETE, UO
Carte 14. Salle Hillaire (Partie sud)
This first volume of Monographie de la grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc presents a reasoned inventory of the information contained in the cave in the form of an atlas. While this type of publication may seem unusual, the dimensions of the cave, the morphology of the chambers and galleries that compart-mentalize its space, as well as the inscription of artworks in its underground landscape, are all invitations to reflect upon, study and structure our knowledge of the cave using a cartographic approach. The progressive presentation of the Atlas de la grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc enables us to address, in the most neutral manner possible, the complexity and factual richness, often emphasized, of this underground sanctuary.The proposed itinerary, close to that of the current path of the walkways from the entrance to the end of the cavity, invites us to discover the cave via twenty maps extracted from the integrated map of the cave floors. Moving through the cave and into its smallest and most intimate spaces, each person can shape their reading according to their interests. The visit to each of the twenty zones is organized according to the same narrative structure. The first page, accompa-nied by a panoramic photograph, presents the main charac-teristics of the zone and the themes that will be addressed. Depending on the sectors, the archaeology, paleontology, geology, speleogenesis or underground landscape is empha-sized. The second and third pages are positioned opposite each other and are designed to interact. The second page presents the integrated map reproduced at the 1:100 scale. Below it, a thumbnail representation enables the reader to identify the location of the map within the cave. A small map at the 1:300 scale presents the cave floor in 3D and shows the location, feature and artwork designations, the permanent and temporary paths installed for observations, as well as the camera angles and the position of the longitudinal profile of the zone. A synoptic figure shows the relative representation of each of the research domains in the map zone. The pages that follow provide an initial synthesis of the observations and research in progress. These aspects will be presented in detail in the succeeding volumes of the Atlas de la grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc.
(. vol. 1, pp. 249-254, 17/10/2026)
TRACES, EHESS, UT2J, Comue de Toulouse, MCC, Inrap, CNRS, MCC, LGL-TPE, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INSU - CNRS, UJM, UJM EPE, CNRS, PACEA, UB, CNRS, LAMPEA, AMU, CNRS, MC, MSHS-T, CNRS, Comue de Toulouse, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
From legacy pollutants to emerging contaminants: recent inputs from the 2018 conference of EcoBIM network
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 27, n° 0944-1344, pp. 3545–3546, 17/10/2026)
LEMAR, IRD, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UQAR
Oxythermal window drastically constraints the survival and development of European sturgeon early life phases
Oxythermal window drastically constraints the survival and development of European sturgeon early life phases
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 27, n° 0944-1344, pp. np, 17/10/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UB, INRA, ONEMA, UR EABX, INRAE, PAnTher, Oniris VetAgroBio, INRAE