On the natural and anthropogenic drivers of the Senegalese (West Africa) low coast evolution: Saint Louis Beach 2016 COASTVAR experiment and 3D modeling of short term coastal protection measures
West Africa's low and densely populated coasts crystallize most of the environmental and societal problems and resulting vulnerability. It is becoming urgent to document this coast and the natural and anthropogenic forces to understand its evolution. Saint Louis is a historic (World Heritage) city located on the Langue de Barbarie, a 10 km sandspit at the mouth of the Senegal River. Because of its location, it is vulnerable (erosion, flooding) to river and ocean variability. This intermediate barred microtidal beach is located in a storm-free intertropical environment, but is exposed to distant oblique energetic waves from high latitudes, causing one of the highest coastal drifts in the world (∼800,000 m3/year). As part of the COASTVAR project, an intensive international field experiment was conducted in Saint Louis from 4 to 13 December 2016 to quantify the natural protective role played by the sandbar, coastal currents and transient exchanges with the inner shelf. Many instruments have been deployed to measure waves, currents, bathymetry and topography. This article provides an overview on the objectives of the experiment, the deployment and the first results of the modeling of coastal protection strategy
(Journal of Coastal Research. vol. 95, n° 0749-0208, pp. 583-587, 22/04/2026)
UCAD, LEGOS, IRD, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNES, CNRS, Comue de Toulouse, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DAMCP, LGO, UBS, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS, LGL-TPE, ENS de Lyon, UCBL, INSU - CNRS, UJM, CNRS, SHOM, UAC, LOCEAN-PROTEO, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité, ECOLA, LEGOS, IRD, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNES, CNRS, CNES, IRD, M2C, UNICAEN, NU, INSU - CNRS, UNIROUEN, NU, CNRS, UGB
Transfer and Transcriptomic Profiling in Liver and Brain of European Eels ( Anguilla anguilla ) After Diet‐borne Exposure to Gold Nanoparticles
A nanometric revolution is underway, promising technical innovations in a wide range of applications and leading to a potential boost in environmental discharges. The propensity of nanoparticles (NPs) to be transferred throughout trophic chains and to generate toxicity was mainly assessed in primary consumers, whereas a lack of knowledge for higher trophic levels persists. The present study focused on a predatory fish, the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) exposed to gold NPs (AuNPs; 10 nm, polyethylene glycol–coated) for 21 d at 3 concentration levels in food: 0 (NP0), 1 (NP1), and 10 (NP10) mg Au kg−1. Transfer was assessed by Au quantification in eel tissues, and transcriptomic responses in the liver and brain were revealed by a high‐throughput RNA‐sequencing approach. Eels fed at NP10 presented an erratic feeding behavior, whereas Au quantification only indicated transfer to intestine and kidney of NP1‐exposed eels. Sequencing of RNA was performed in NP0 and NP1 eels. A total of 258 genes and 156 genes were significantly differentially transcribed in response to AuNP trophic exposure in the liver and brain, respectively. Enrichment analysis highlighted modifications in the immune system–related processes in the liver. In addition, results pointed out a shared response of both organs regarding 13 genes, most of them being involved in immune functions. This finding may shed light on the mode of action and toxicity of AuNPs in fish.
(Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. vol. 39, n° 0730-7268, pp. 2450-2461, 22/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, IRSN/PRP-ENV/SERIS, IRSN, GENOTOUL, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse INP, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Comue de Toulouse, INRAE, MIAT INRAE, INRAE, INRAE, GET, IRD, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNES, CNRS, ICMCB, UB, INC-CNRS, CNRS
Health indicators and contaminant levels of a critically endangered species in the Gironde estuary, the European sturgeon
The European sturgeon, Acipenser sturio, is a highly endangered species that almost disappeared in the last decades. Thanks to yearly restocking of the population, this species is still found in the Gironde estuary (France), where juveniles grow during several years before leaving to the ocean. The aims of this study were to evaluate the pressure exerted on these fish by known organic and inorganic contaminants during their stay at the Gironde estuary, and to get information on the fish's health in this context. Monthly captures over the year 2014 provided 87 fish from the cohorts 2012 and 2013 mainly, and from cohorts 2008, 2009, and 2011, all fish born in hatchery. We report the very first analyses of contaminant levels and of biological markers measured in the blood of these fish.
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 27, n° 0944-1344, pp. 3726-3745, 22/04/2026)
UR EABX, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LEESA, UB, CNRS, LEFE, INEE-CNRS, CNRS, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Comue de Toulouse
Idunella bacheleti sp. nov., a new Liljeborgiidae species (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Capbreton Canyon (Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic Ocean)
During the third cruise of the BIOMIN project (BIOMIN-3) in the Capbreton Canyon (Bay of Biscay), a single male of a new species of Idunella was collected. This new species is characterized by the particular shape of gnathopods and number of teeth on pleonites. An identification key for Idunella species from North- East Atlantic and Mediterranean is provided.
(Cahiers de Biologie Marine, n° 0007-9723, 22/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Oxythermal window drastically constraints the survival and development of European sturgeon early life phases
Oxythermal window drastically constraints the survival and development of European sturgeon early life phases
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 27, n° 0944-1344, pp. np, 22/04/2026)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UB, INRA, ONEMA, UR EABX, INRAE, PAnTher, ONIRIS, INRAE
Variability of hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity in the Landes maritime pine forest: results from the LANDEX campaign 2017
Total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity measurements were conducted during the LANDEX intensive field campaign in a coniferous temperate forest located in the Lan-des area, southwestern France, during July 2017. In order to investigate inter-canopy and intra-canopy variability, measurements were performed inside (6 m) and above the canopy level (12 m), as well as at two different locations within the canopy, using a comparative reactivity method (CRM) and a laser photolysis-laser-induced fluorescence (LP-LIF) instrument. The two techniques were intercompared at the end of the campaign by performing measurements at the same location. Volatile organic compounds were also monitored at both levels with a proton transfer time-of-flight mass spectrometer and online gas chromatography instruments to evaluate their contribution to total OH reactivity, with monoterpenes being the main reactive species emitted in this forest dominated by Pinus pinaster Aiton. Total OH reactivity varied diurnally, following the trend of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), the emissions and concentrations of which were dependent on meteorological parameters. Average OH reactivity was around 19.2 and 16.5 s −1 inside and above the canopy, respectively. The highest levels of total OH reactivity were observed during nights with a low turbulence (u * ≤ 0.2 m s −1), leading to lower mixing of emitted species within the canopy and thus an important vertical stratification characterized by a strong concentration gradient. Comparing the measured and the calculated OH reactivity highlighted an average missing OH reactivity of 22 % and 33 % inside and above the canopy, respectively. A day-night variability was observed on missing OH reactivity at both heights. Investigations showed that during daytime, missing OH sinks could be due to primary emissions and secondary products linked to a temperature-enhanced photochemistry. Regarding nighttime missing OH reactivity, higher levels were seen for the stable and warm night of 4-5 July, showing that these conditions could have been favorable for the accumulation of long-lived species (primary and secondary species) during the transport of the air mass from nearby forests.
(Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. vol. 20, n° 1680-7316, pp. 1277-1300, 22/04/2026)
LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA, PC2A, CNRS, CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe, IMT Nord Europe, IMT, IMT Lille Douai, IMT, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CAE, LSCE, UVSQ, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, DRF (CEA), CEA
From legacy pollutants to emerging contaminants: recent inputs from the 2018 conference of EcoBIM network
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 27, n° 0944-1344, pp. 3545–3546, 22/04/2026)
LEMAR, IRD, IFREMER, UBO EPE, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UQAR
Learning from the past: Impact of the Arctic Oscillation on sea ice and marine productivity off northwest Greenland over the last 9,000 years
Climate warming is rapidly reshaping the Arctic cryosphere and ocean conditions, with consequences for sea ice and pelagic productivity patterns affecting the entire marine food web. To predict how ongoing changes will impact Arctic marine ecosystems, concerted effort from various disciplines is required. Here, we contribute multi-decadal reconstructions of changes in diatom production and sea-ice conditions in relation to Holocene climate and ocean conditions off Northwest Greenland. Our multiproxy study includes diatoms, sea-ice biomarkers (IP 25 and HBI III) and geochemical tracers (TOC, TOC:TN, δ 13 C, δ 15 N) from a sediment core record spanning the last ca. 9000 years. Our results suggest that the balance between the outflow of polar water from the Arctic, and input of Atlantic water from the Irminger Current into the West Greenland Current is a key factor in controlling sea-ice conditions, and both diatom phenology and production in northeastern Baffin Bay. Our proxy record notably shows that changes in sea-surface conditions initially forced by Neoglacial cooling were dynamically amplified by the shift in the dominant phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) mode that occurred at ca. 3000 yrs BP, and caused drastic changes in community composition and a decline in diatom production at the study site. In the future, with projected dominant positive AO conditions favored by Arctic warming, increased water column stratification may counteract the positive effect of a longer open-water growth season and negatively impact diatom production.
(Global Change Biology, n° 1354-1013, 22/04/2026)
UNB, GEUS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ULaval, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Collateral diseases: Aquaculture impacts on wildlife infections
Aquaculture is a promising source of fish and other aquatic organisms to ensure human food security but it comes at the price of diverse environmental impacts. Among others, these include diseases which often thrive under the conditions in aquaculture settings and can cause high economic losses. These diseases may also affect wildlife, however, the impacts of aquaculture on disease dynamics in wild species in surrounding ecosystems are poorly understood. In this Review, we provide a conceptual framework for studying the effects of aquaculture on wildlife diseases, and illustrate the different mechanisms identified with examples from the literature. In addition, we highlight further research needs and provide recommendations for management and policy. We identified five potential means by which farmed populations may alter wildlife disease dynamics: (a) farmed species may co-introduce parasites to the new environment, which infect wild conspecifics without infecting other species (intraspecific parasite spillover); (b) these co-introduced parasites from farmed species may infect other wild host species potentially leading to emerging diseases (interspecific parasite spillover); (c) parasites from other wild host species may infect farmed species, amplifying parasite numbers and increasing parasite infections when spilling back to wild hosts (interspecific parasite spillback); (d) farmed species may acquire parasites from wild conspecifics, increasing parasite population size and subsequently raising infection loads in the wild host population (intraspecific parasite spillback); and (e) farmed species may be neither hosts nor parasites, but affect the transmission of parasites between wild host species (transmission interference). Although these mechanisms can alter wildlife disease dynamics, we found large knowledge gaps regarding collateral disease impacts and strong biases in terms of production countries, aquaculture practices and host taxa. Synthesis and applications. The strong potential for aquaculture to affect the dynamics of diseases in wildlife populations calls for the consideration of collateral disease impacts in risk assessments and biosecurity protocols regarding aquaculture. In particular, comprehensive parasite inventories of both farmed and wild hosts as well as disease monitoring in wildlife surrounding farms will be necessary to increase our knowledge on aquaculture impacts on wildlife disease and to develop adequate prevention and mitigation measures. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Applied Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society
(Journal of Applied Ecology. vol. 58, n° 0021-8901, pp. 453-464, 22/04/2026)
NIOZ, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Pour un hommage au Professeur Sergueï Gorchkov et une introduction à la géoécologie russe
Cet article est à la fois un témoignage concernant le parcours de vie du professeur Sergei Gorchkov (1932-2018), l’un des pionniers de la géoécologie russe, et l’essai de finalisation d’un article scientifique qu’il avait laissé inachevé. Les deux premières parties, biographiques, révèlent des anecdotes inédites sur la vie de Sergueï Gorchkov, qu’il a lui-même racontées aux auteurs, et elles mettent l’accent sur ses missions de terrain en Sibérie, qui furent le point de départ de ses réflexions sur l’unicité et la globalité de l’environnement géographique. A l’instar de la pédologie pour Dokoutchaev, la science du pergélisol est devenue pour Sergueï Gorchkov le creuset de toutes les composantes environnementales. Pour comprendre l’évolution de la cryolithozone sibérienne, ce géomorphologue intégra les recherches en climatologie, en biogéographie et en hydrologie. Sa collaboration scientifique avec ses collègues géologues le conduisit à étudier les échelles de temps les plus longues et à se passionner pour les paléo-environnements. La troisième partie, directement scientifique, s’attache aux conséquences de la tendance au remplacement de la croûte océanique par la croûte continentale. Ainsi, les sphères inorganiques et biogéniques évoluent en sens opposé. La première se débarrasse de l’excès d’énergie cristallochimique contenue dans la matière inerte du manteau terrestre. La seconde, tout en se complexifiant, augmente son potentiel énergétique lié aux associations minérales du socle métamorphique et à sa couverture sédimentaire riche en énergie solaire accumulée par les facteurs biogéniques. Si l’on considère que la géoécologie doit reposer sur une meilleure compréhension de l’homéostasie de la biosphère, il convient d’étudier ce qui peut-être considéré comme une sorte de résilience du plus haut niveau d’organisation, d’échelle mondiale, à ceci près que la résilience au sens strict conduit à un retour à l’équilibre initial, tandis que l’homéostasie mène à un nouvel équilibre. Par son échelle globale, la fonction homéostatique de biofiltration productive de l’océan domine toutes les autres. Grâce à elle, le rayonnement solaire pénètre dans l’océan. Cette réserve de chaleur est transférée par advection aux masses d’air, qui se déchargent de leur humidité au-dessus des continents et augmentent ainsi la biomasse des écosystèmes terrestres. Les grands fleuves reçoivent et transportent plus de matière organique vers les mers et le cycle continue. La combinaison de la densité du couvert végétal sur les continents, de la production primaire de phytoplancton et de la filtration du zooplancton océanique est au cœur de la fonction homéostatique de la biosphère. Géographiquement, c’est cette zone de contact qui représente l’interface planétaire majeure. Du point de vue de la géomorphologie continentale, il s’agit du milieu marin sous l’influence des embouchures fluviales ; du point de vue de l’océanographie, c’est le filtre marginal (tel que déterminé par l’océanologue russe Lisitsyn). S. Gorchkov écrivait que le « signal intégré » des écosystèmes terrestres et océaniques se trouvait dans ces mers épicontinentales. Cet article y ajoute une comparaison de l’importance des apports en éléments nutritifs par les upwellings et par les grands bassins fluviaux à dense couverture végétale.
(Dynamiques Environnementales - Journal international des géosciences et de l’environnement. vol. 46, n° 1968-469X, pp. 148-183., 22/04/2026)
CEDETE, UO