Corrigendum: Invasive Aquatic Plants as Ecosystem Engineers in an Oligo-Mesotrophic Shallow Lake
(Frontiers in Plant Science. vol. 12, n° 1664-462X, 08/03/2021)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Environments, climates and technological changes in Late Middle Palaeolithic in southwestern France
(08/03/2021)
IRAMAT-CRP2A, IRAMAT, UTBM, UO, UBM, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, LMJL, UN UFR ST, UN, CNRS
Chemical characterization of water extractable organic matter from plants: A better understanding of soil dissolved organic matter sources and path in permafrost thawing regions
(04/03/2021)
METIS, EPHE, PSL, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, UCLouvain, iEES Paris, IRD, SU, UPEC UP12, CNRS, INRAE, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Environmental Fate Modeling of Nanoplastics in a Salinity Gradient Using a Lab-on-a-Chip: Where Does the Nanoscale Fraction of Plastic Debris Accumulate?
The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the flow and diffusion of nanoplastics through a salinity gradient (SG), as observed in mangrove swamps (MSPs), influence their aggregation pathways. These two parameters have never yet been used to evaluate the fate and behavior of colloids in the environment, since they cannot be incorporated into classical experimental setups. Land-sea continuums, such as estuaries and MSP systems, are known to be environmentally reactive interfaces that influence the colloidal distribution of pollutants. Using a microfluidic approach to reproduce the SG and its dynamics, the results show that nanoplastics arriving in a MSP are fractionated. First, a substantial fraction rapidly aggregates to reach the microscale, principally governed by an orthokinetic aggregation process and diffusiophoresis drift. These large nanoplastic aggregates eventually float near the water's surface or settle into the sediment at the bottom of the MSP, depending on their density. The second, smaller fraction remains stable and is transported toward the saline environment. This distribution results from the combined action of the spatial salt concentration gradient and orthokinetic aggregation, which is largely underestimated in the literature. Due to nanoplastics' reactive behavior, the present work demonstrates that mangrove and estuarine systems need to be better examined regarding plastic pollution.
(Environmental Science and Technology. vol. 55, n° 0013-936X, pp. 3001-3008, 02/03/2021)
GR, UR, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IPR, UR, CNRS, UAG, UPMC, UNS, CNRS, IPREM, UPPA, INC-CNRS, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, ULaval, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Muted cooling and drying of NW Mediterranean in response to the strongest last glacial North American ice surges
Abstract The massive North Atlantic iceberg discharges of the last glacial period, the so-called Heinrich events (HE), resulted in atmospheric and oceanic responses of the Mediterranean region that remain poorly documented and understood. This paper focuses on the climatic phases termed Heinrich stadials (HS) 4 and 5 generated by the HE 4 and 5 that occurred during a period of similar intermediate global ice volume and greenhouse gas concentrations but with different iceberg discharges and orbital boundary conditions. Our comparison of sea surface temperature and salinity changes with deep water conditions in the Gulf of Lions (planktonic and benthic foraminifera δ18O and δ13C records) and regional pollen-based temperature and precipitation reconstructions in NW Mediterranean for these Heinrich stadials reveal a paradoxical situation. A lower North American iceberg discharge during HS 5 compared to HS 4 is associated with colder and drier conditions in the NW Mediterranean borderlands. During the moderate iceberg discharge of HS 5 a relatively high salinity in the Gulf of Lions lead to stronger Western Mediterranean Deep Water formation and mixing of the surface with the deeper layers. By contrast during HS 4, we suggest that the massive North Atlantic iceberg break-up decreased the salinity of the Gulf of Lions and reduced the wind stress in the Mediterranean, leading to the stratification of the Mediterranean water column and inducing limited upward mixing of cold water, resulting in regional atmospheric warming and wetting compared to HS 5. This work highlights the potential crucial role of local processes in modulating the regional response to a global climate change related with ice-sheet instabilities.
(Geological Society of America Bulletin. vol. 133, n° 0016-7606, pp. 451-460, 01/03/2021)
EPHE, PSL, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, IRAMAT-CRP2A, IRAMAT, UTBM, UO, UBM, CNRS, GEO3BCN–CSIC, CSIC
Spatial Distributions of Surface Sedimentary Organics and Sediment Profile Image Characteristics in a High-Energy Temperate Marine RiOMar: The West Gironde Mud Patch
The spatial distributions of (1) surface sediment characteristics (D0.5, Sediment Surface Area (SSA), Particulate Organic Carbon (POC), Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Phaeophytin-a (Phaeo-a), Total and Enzymatically Hydrolyzable Amino Acids (THAA, EHAA), δ13C) and (2) sediment profile image (apparent Redox Potential Discontinuity (aRPD), numbers and depths of biological traces) characteristics were quantified based on the sampling of 32 stations located within the West Gironde Mud Patch (Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic) in view of (1) assessing the spatial structuration of a temperate river-dominated ocean margin located in a high-energy area, (2) disentangling the impacts of hydrodynamics and bottom trawling on this structuration, and (3) comparing the West Gironde Mud Patch with the Rhône River Prodelta (located in a low-energy area). Results support the subdivision of the West Gironde Mud Patch in a proximal and a distal part and show (1) the existence of depth gradients in surface sedimentary organics characteristics and bioturbation within the distal part; (2) no evidence for a significant effect of bottom trawling, as opposed to Bottom Shear Stress, on the West Gironde Mud Patch spatial structuration; and (3) major discrepancies between spatial structuration in the West Gironde Mud Patch and the Rhône River Prodelta, which were attributed to differences in tidal regimes, sedimentation processes, and local hydrodynamics, which is in agreement with current river-dominated ocean margin typologies
(Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. vol. 9, n° 2077-1312, pp. 242, 01/03/2021)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UFRJ, DYNECO, IFREMER
The North Atlantic Glacial Eastern Boundary Current as a Key Driver for Ice‐Sheet—AMOC Interactions and Climate Instability
(Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. vol. 36, n° 2572-4525, 01/03/2021)
GM, IFREMER, LOCEAN-PROTEO, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité, IFREMER, LPG, UA, UN UFR ST, UN, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, PACEA, UB, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LOPS, IRD, IFREMER, INSU - CNRS, UBO EPE, CNRS
Multi-decadal trends in Antarctic sea-ice extent driven by ENSO–SAM over the last 2,000 years
(Nature Geoscience. vol. 14, n° 1752-0894, pp. 156-160, 01/03/2021)
EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, Maynooth University, ELIE, UCLouvain, LOCEAN-VALCO, LOCEAN, MNHN, IRD, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, IPSL (FR_636), ENS-PSL, UVSQ, CEA, INSU - CNRS, X, CNES, SU, CNRS, UPCité, ACE-CRC, UGR
Removal efficiency of emerging micropollutants in biofilter wastewater treatment plants in tropical areas
We studied the removal of 61 emerging micropollutants, including illicit drugs, in a biofilter wastewater treatment plant located in the French Indies (Martinique). Raw wastewater concentrations were the highest for paracetamol followed by caffeine, naproxen, ibuprofen, its metabolite 2-hydroxyibuprofen, atenolol, ketoprofen, furosemide, methylparaben, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and 11-nor-delta-9-carboxytetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH). The calculated removals were better than those reported in the literature, while the cumulative removal efficacy (i.e., removal of the total mass load) was estimated to be 92 ± 4%. However, this good performance may be partly explained by the removal of paracetamol (also named acetaminophen) and caffeine, which represented 86.4% of the total mass load. Our results point to the adsorption of some molecules on sludge, thus raising the question about local soil pollution from sludge spreading.
(Environmental Science and Pollution Research. vol. 28, n° 0944-1344, pp. 10940-10966, 01/03/2021)
CUFR, ESE, CNRS, BRGM, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS
Euclid preparation. XI. Mean redshift determination from galaxy redshift probabilities for cosmic shear tomography
The analysis of weak gravitational lensing in wide-field imaging surveys is considered to be a major cosmological probe of dark energy. Our capacity to constrain the dark energy equation of state relies on an accurate knowledge of the galaxy mean redshift ⟨z⟩. We investigate the possibility of measuring ⟨z⟩ with an accuracy better than 0.002 (1 + z) in ten tomographic bins spanning the redshift interval 0.2 < z < 2.2, the requirements for the cosmic shear analysis of Euclid. We implement a sufficiently realistic simulation in order to understand the advantages and complementarity, as well as the shortcomings, of two standard approaches: the direct calibration of ⟨z⟩ with a dedicated spectroscopic sample and the combination of the photometric redshift probability distribution functions (zPDFs) of individual galaxies. We base our study on the Horizon-AGN hydrodynamical simulation, which we analyse with a standard galaxy spectral energy distribution template-fitting code. Such a procedure produces photometric redshifts with realistic biases, precisions, and failure rates. We find that the current Euclid design for direct calibration is sufficiently robust to reach the requirement on the mean redshift, provided that the purity level of the spectroscopic sample is maintained at an extremely high level of > 99.8%. The zPDF approach can also be successful if the zPDF is de-biased using a spectroscopic training sample. This approach requires deep imaging data but is weakly sensitive to spectroscopic redshift failures in the training sample. We improve the de-biasing method and confirm our finding by applying it to real-world weak-lensing datasets (COSMOS and KiDS+VIKING-450).
(Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A. vol. 647, n° 0004-6361, pp. A117, 01/03/2021)
LAM, AMU, INSU - CNRS, CNES, CNRS, UNSW, IAP, INSU - CNRS, SU, CNRS, CALTECH, UCPH, OABO, INAF, APC (UMR_7164), CEA, IN2P3, CNRS, PSL, CNRS, UPCité, LATT, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, CASSIOPEE, UNS, INSU - CNRS, UniCA, CNRS, UC Merced, UC, CNES, ESAC, ESA, IP2I Lyon, UCBL, IN2P3, CNRS, UNIGE, CESR, UT3, Comue de Toulouse, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112), CEA, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, UPCité, CPPM, AMU, IN2P3, CNRS, LAGRANGE, UNS, INSU - CNRS, UniCA, CNRS, UniCA, IAP, UPMC, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, LERMA, ENS-PSL, PSL, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, PSL, SU, CNRS, CY, EPOC, EPHE, PSL, UB, INSU - CNRS, CNRS, AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112), CEA, INSU - CNRS, UPD7, CNRS, UP4 CELSA, UP4, LEPSA, UPVD